Electronics Part 4

Electrical Components
The Electrical Components in Your Training Kits!
Wiring Diagrams!
 VOCABULARY FOR THIS LESSON
1. Electrical Component Names
2. Components Electrical Symbols
3. Electrical Components Functions
4. See component inventory charts on
next slides
A drawing meant to
depict the electrical Wiring Diagram
arrangement of the wires
and the components they
connect is called artwork
or layout, physical design,
or wiring diagram. Circuit
diagrams are used for the
design (circuit design),
construction (such as PCB
layout), and maintenance
of electrical and
electronic equipment.
Electrical Components in your
Kit – Use the chart on the next
two slides to check that you
have all of your components in
your kit.
 Breadboard/Solderless Circuit
• The Breadboard allows you Picture
to build electronic circuits
without having to solder
parts together.
 Jumper Wires
• Used to connect components on your
breadboard to make the circuits.
 Power Source
• Battery stores electrical Picture
energy. The battery will have
a positive & a negative
terminal. In some circuits the Electrical
ground is connected to the wiring
diagram
ground/body of the device. symbol
• Example - in an automobile
the ground is connected to
the frame/body of the
vehicle.
Battery Cell Symbols 9V &
Higher
Usually
written
in!

Electrical wiring
diagram symbol 2 Electrical wiring
CELL BATTERY diagram symbol for
“CELL”
 Mechanical Switches
• There are many Picture
types of
mechanical
switches.
• This is a on/off
switch.
• It holds the circuit
open(OFF) or Electrical
wiring
closed(ON). diagram
symbol
 Mechanical Switches
• These are called
momentary switches. Picture
• On/off switch. It holds the
circuit open and only
closes the circuit while
being held depressed.
Electrical
• Limit Switch is just wiring
another type/name for a diagram
momentary switch symbol
 Mechanical Switches
• This is a three way switch.
• On/off/on switch. It Picture

holds the circuit closed in

one of two circuit paths
and closed in the other.
Or, it opens both circuits
at once. Electrical
wiring
diagram
symbol
 Mechanical Switches Picture
• This is a two way switch.
• On/On switch. It holds the circuit
closed in one of two circuit paths.
• LOTS (Millions!) of different sizes &
functions are available!!!!
Electrical
wiring
diagram
symbol
 Fixed Resistors
• It resists current flow.
• Reduces electrical current. Picture
• Color coded see chart below

Electrical wiring
diagram symbol
• Different Fixed Resistors
physical
sizes
have
different
wattage
ratings.

• OHMS stay the same, so can use a larger one,

but smaller might get you in trouble…
 Potentiometer
• Variable Resistor, as the Picture
wiper are moves across
the resistive material it
increases the length and
therefore the resistance of
the circuit.
Electrical
wiring
diagram
symbol
 Rheostat (NOT IN YOUR KIT)
(Old Version of Potentiometer, pretty much has been replaced by
potentiometers) Still used in a few applications: high power & etc.

• Variable Resistor, as the Picture

wiper are moves across
the resistive material (a
coil of wire) it increases
the length and therefore
Electrical
the resistance of the wiring
circuit. diagram
symbol
 Photocell
• This is a variable resistor /
a semiconductor that Picture
changes it’s resistance
with the changing
volumes of photons
hitting it.
• We can use it as a visible
light sensor. Electrical
wiring
diagram
symbol
 Photocell – Example:
• This is a
photocell
that
automatically
turns vehicles
headlights on
/ off at dark.
 Capacitors
• This is a device that stores
energy, a temporary Picture
battery.
• There are different types.
• This is a Ceramic
Capacitor.
Electrical wiring
diagram symbol
 Capacitors
• This is a Electrolytic
Capacitor. Picture
• Danger! – Some capacitors
have voltages that can shock
and/or even kill.

Electrical wiring
diagram symbol
 Capacitors
• This is a stun gun!
• Danger! – Some capacitors have voltages
that can shock and/or even kill.
 Capacitors
• This is a car audio Capacitor
• Danger! – Some capacitors have voltages
that can shock and/or even kill.
 Diode
• One Way
Picture
check valve.
• It only allows
power to flow
in one
direction and
stops it
Electrical wiring diagram symbol
flowing the
other way.
 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
• This is a one way check
valve/that also emits light.
• It only allows electrical Picture
current to flow in one
direction.
• Arrow shows the direction of
Electrical wiring
current flow. diagram symbol
• Note: LED’s in your kit cannot
handle 9V, don’t hook them
straight to battery!
Big Important NOTE, Going to “hear” this a
bunch of times in this class
Resistor Inline for LED
 Transistor (PNP & NPN)
• It allows current to flow Picture
through it only after a
small positive charge is
applied at it’s gate.
• Used to amplify a circuit.
• Can store a (BIT) of data
Electrical wiring
on/off, a 1 or a 0. So, diagram symbol
enough transistors
assembled together can
create processor/memory.
 555 TIMER (IC CHIP)
• Integrated Circuit (IC) – Picture
several components
formed together on a
silicon wafer: Transistor,
Diodes, Resistors,
Capacitors, and Etc.
• 555 Timer very simple IC Electrical wiring
diagram symbol
chip.
 Silicone Controlled Rectifier (SCR)
• It is a Diode that can be Picture
turned off via a input
signal on the third wire.
• So, Input a + charge on
the third leg and the diode
stops being a diode!
Electrical wiring
diagram symbol
 Picture
Speaker
• Produces sound waves when a
variable electric current is passed
through it. It is type of “Linear
Motor” that actuates the air.
• Made up of many component parts:
Electrical wiring
diagram symbol
 Buzzers Pictures/Examples
• Speaker with electronics
circuit attached to the back
of it, so that when power is
applied it produces a
tone/buzzing sound
• Come in all shapes & sizes
Electrical wiring
diagram symbol
 ELECTRIC MOTOR
• Uses electric magnets and
stationary magnets to turn Picture
electrical energy into
rotational mechanical
energy.
• Note: motors in your kit
are 3V, don’t hook straight Electrical wiring
diagram symbol
to 9V battery!
 ELECTRIC MOTOR
• There are many types and
configurations of electric
motors.
• All are going to have rotating
magnet(s) and a shaft called a
the Armature/Rotor.
• Stationary magnet(s) Stator.
• There are brushless types,
however the one in your kit
has brushes.
 VOCABULARY FOR THIS LESSON
1. Electrical Component Names
2. Components Electrical Symbols
3. Electrical Components Functions
4. See component inventory charts on
next slides