ITU SEM B1

WEEK 1 MODULE 7
HELLO! WELCOME EVERYONE
Şadiye Saraç

E-mail: saracs@itu.edu.tr

GSM: 0531 381 47 50

 I’ve been working at ITU as an English teacher for about

20 years.

I HOPE YOU ENJOY THE CLASSES
RULES, RULES, RULES
 Let’s set the rules
 Attendance: Please be present at 80% of the classes

No more than 24 hours of absentee is allowed

 Your videos may be off but when I ask questions you
should answer my question
 Don’t be shy ☺ Do not be afraid of making mistakes

« Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress»

THIS IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO PRACTICE YOUR
ENGLISH!
 So, do not be shy and SPEAK ENGLISH!
PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE
«PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT»
 Read at least one paragraph( from a book, newspaper,
magazine, website you like).

 Learn 5-10 new words everyday.

 Keep a vocabulary notebook.

 Listen to English native speakers for 5-10 mins everyday

(TV show, podcast, youtube, TED talks).

 Write in your diary 3 times a week.

GOOGLE CLASSROOM

 https://classroom.google.com/c/
NTM5MzA3NjQ4NTY2?cjc=kmr7pmj

Class code: kmr7pmj
TODAY’S TOPIC

 Use past tenses to narrative past events

 Past perfect continuous

 A/AN-The articles
VOCABULARY
 To stand for: If one or more letters stand for a word
or name, they are the first letter or letters of that
word or name and they represent it:

 What does UN stand for?

 It stands for United Nations

 VIP?

 It stands for very important person

 DIY?
 Sparkling: A sparkling drink is one that contains
many small bubbles of gas:
 Champagne is a sparkling wine.
SCİENCE FİCTİON: SCİ-FI

DO YOU LİKE SCİENCE FİCTİON BOOKS AND MOVİES? UTOPİA, UNREALISTIC STORIES,
WHY?
WHAT COMES TO YOUR MIND WHEN
YOU SEE OR HEAR THE WORD
«SCIENCE FICTION»?
 alien
 Ufo

 Time machine

 Spaceship

 Unbelievable

 Unrealistic

 Ray gun

 Beam up
JULES VERNE
PİONEER OF SCİENCE FİCTİON
SUMMARY
 Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea tells the story of three
men who go to sea in search of a giant whale.
 They are taken prisoner on board the world’s first submarine –
the Nautilus by the insane captain Nemo
 The Nautilus travels through the world’s seas.

 The men see amazing deep-sea creatures, and they travel to

remote islands. They find sunken treasure, and they discover the
lost world of Atlantis. They even travel under thick ice to the
South Pole.
 When the Nautilus enters a dangerous part of the sea called the
Maelstrom, the three men escape in a small boat.
 They are rescued and taken to Norway, but they never find out if
the submarine and its strange captain survived the Maelstrom.
A SQUİD
TENTACLE:
 one of the long, thin parts like arms of some sea
animals, used for feeling and holding things, catching
food, or moving
WEEK 1-LESSON 2
 PAST TENSES REVISION
 THE ARTICLES
PAST PERFECT TENSE
HAD + V3 (PAST PARTICIPLE)
We use the past perfect to talk about an action or an event
that happened before something else in the past.

We use the past perfect with the past simple when we talk
about two actions or events in the past. We always use
the past perfect for the action that happened first. We can
link the two actions using a time expression.
EXAMPLE
 I woke up last night. I looked out of the window. My car
wasn’t there. Someone had stolen it. I called the police.
They said they had already found it. So I went to the
station and got my car back.
 We arrived at 10.00. (2nd))

 The concert started at 9.00 ( 1st) action)

When we arrived, the concert had started.

.or
The concert had started when we arrived.
After the concert had started, we arrived.
or
We arrived after the concert had started
Before we arrived, the concert had started.
Or
The concert had started before we arrived.
 TİME EXPRESSİONS

.
Time expression past perfect past simple
After the exams had finished, they joined a party.
we'd done the washing-
When we watched TV.
up,
Past simple time expression past perfect
They joined a party after the exams had finished.
We ha darrived before the train left
The party couldn't start until Kate had arrived.
UNTIL/TILL : A SİTUAUTİON OR EVENT
CONTINUE UP TO A CERTAIN TIME

 We can use past simple negative + until + past perfect to talk about an action that didn't happen before something else
happened first.
 The party couldn't start until Kate had arrived. (Kate arrived, and then the party could start.)

 We can also use the past perfect negative + until to talk about something which didn't happen before a particular time in
the past.
 They hadn't had a foreign holiday until they saved enough money.

 Until: typical errors

 We don’t use until to talk about things that will happen before a particular time or deadline; we use by:

 All applications must be received by Friday, 26 June 2009.

 Not: … until Friday, 26 June 2009.

After+ past perfect, simple past

Before + simple past, past perfect

By the time + simple past, past perfect

Simple past negative + until + past perfect

 I/you/he/she/it/we/they HAD+V3
Had not+ V3
Had + I/you…+ V3 ?
 I had finished my homework

 I hadn’t finished…

 Had you finished…?

 What had you bought for her before you meet her?

 We had worked for two hours

 I had never seen a whale

 I had had breakfast when they came.

 I’d had ….
 By the time I worked out , I’d had/eaten my breaskfast.
 After I’d bought the plane tickets, I checked in on-line.

 By the time I arrived home, my children had already

gone to bed.
 By the time I moved to Holland, I had married a
Dutchman./

 10 min . Break
 By the time he was 18, he had won 3 gold medals.

 I had already learned the truth by the time he confessed.

BY: SOMETHİNG WILL HAPPEN BEFORE OR AT A
CERTAIN TIME

 I need to submit my homework by 5 p.m.( before or exactly at

5 p.m, no later than)
 I need to submit my homework by the time the teacher arrives.

 I had to quit smoking by the summer.(before)

 By the time + S+V+O means before

 The thief had left by the time the police arrived.

 The submission is due Monday

 BY AND UNTIL

 I will be at the restaurant by 8.00 p.m. Be: arrive

 I will be at the restaurant until 8.00 p.m . Be: stay

 Completely different meaning

EXAMPLES
 Before my friends arrived,
 I had cleaned the flat.
 I had cooked chicken.
 I had dressed up.
 I’d done exercise….
 They got married
 after they had dated for two years,
 after they had rented a flat.

…after they’d bought new furniture.

 By the time we moved to Germany,
 We had graduated from university.
 We had learned German

1st you found a job

Then you moved.
By the time I moved to Holland, I’d already found a job.
……
 When they finally made an agreement,
 The economy had collapsed
 Many people had lost their jobs.
 ….
MORE EXAMPLES
 Before they moved to Datça, they had spent their
summer holidays there.
 Before they visited Erzurum, they had never seen snow.

 When she arrived home, she hadn’t heard the news yet.

 We didn’t go to bed until we had cleared up the mess.

 They had just had lunch when their friends popped up.

 NOW Make sentences about yourself

COMPARE PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST
PERFECT
 Ann is alive. They have been married for 48 years.
 Ann died last year. When she died, they had been
married for 48 years
 The day Anne died, they had been married for 48 years.

 The day I left, I had been in England since 2000.

 She told me she had always hated her sister.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

 Use: The past perfect continuous tense (also known as

the past perfect progressive tense) shows that an action

that started in the past continued up until another time in

the past. The past perfect continuous tense is constructed

using had been + Ving.

I/YOU/HE/SHE/HE/WE/THEY HAD BEEN+ VİNG
HAD NOT BEEN+ VING
HAD I/YOU/HE/SHE/HE/WE/THEY BEEN +VING ?
 I had been living in Trabzon for 7 years when I moved to
İstanbul.
 Zeynep had been studying English for a year before she
joined the class.
 We were tired beause we had been playing tennis for two
hours.
 He had been snoring for ten minutes when I woke him up.

 She had been looking for a job since he graduated from

university before she found one.
 The streets were wet because it had been raining all night.

 Had the passengers been waiting long when the train

arrived?
NO STATIVE VERBS
 They had been knowing each other for 5 years. X NO!
Switch to past perfect
 They had known each other for five years.

 The students hadn’t been remembering the answer until I

told them.X NO!
 They hadn’t rememered …
EXERCISE: PAST SIMPLE OR PAST
PERFECT
 1. We …went….(go) to the police station because I …
had lost…(lose) my wallet
 2. Because they had run…………..(run ) out of
petrol,they …called…. (call )for help.
 3.She …was…..(be) hungry because she …hadn’t
had…… (not have) breakfast.
 4. By the time I …got ……….(get) to school, the
lesson……had started……… (start)
 5. I …had visited………… (visit) several shops before
bought……… I……………(buy) the books I liked.
 Pdf exercise
PAST TENSES COMPARISON
 When I ………..(come) home last Monday, I ……..(have) a message on my
answering machine. It …….(say), “Meet me in the park.”
I ………….(not/know)who the message …….( be) from, but I …….(be)curious.

 The sun …………….(shine). So after …………..(check) all the messages on my

answering machine, I ……..(put)on my jacket, ………(take)my bag and ………
(go) to the park. And there he…….(be): Luke, an old friend from school. I
…………( not see) him for ages.

 Now he …………..(stand) there smiling at me. He ……….. (hold) a flower that he

………….(buy) in a nearby flowershop.

 I was glad to see him. He ……..(look) relieved, as he

………………(already/wait there for a few hours.
 When I came home last Monday, I had a message on my answering machine.
It said, “Meet me in the park.” I didn’t know who the message was from, but
I was curious.

 The sun was shining. So after I’d checked all the messages on my answering
machine, I put on my jacket, took my bag and went to the park. And there
he was: Luke, an old friend from school. I hadn’t seen him for ages.

 Now he was standing there smiling at me. He was holding a flower that he’d
bought in a nearby flowershop.

 I was glad to see him. He looked relieved, as he’d already been waiting there
for a few hours.
 tense usage

normal narrative past form used for sequentially occurring actions

Example:When I came home last Monday, I had a message on my answering

simple past
machine.It said, “Meet me in the park.”I didn’t know who the message was from,
but I was curious.I put on my jacket, took my bag and went to the park.And there
he was: Luke, an old friend from school.I was glad to see him.He looked relieved.

emphasises the progression/process of an action

past progressive
Example:The sun was shining.He was standing there smiling at me.He was
holding a flower.

action that took place before another previously mentioned action

past perfect simple Example:After I had checked all the messages on my answering machine, I put on
my jacket…I hadn’t seen him for ages.He was holding a flower that he had
bought in a nearby flower shop.

emphasises how long an action lasted until a certain point in the past
past perfect progressive
Example:He looked relieved, as he had already been waiting there for a few
hours.
QUİZLET MODULE 7- VOCABULARY
PRACTICE
 https://quizlet.com/533434459/pioneer-intermediate-
module-7-flash-cards/