Warm-Up:

1. Based on the diagram, what is the total number of

students who did participate in volleyball?

ll Ba
eba sk
Bas e tb
15 9 11 all

6
5 4

12

Volleyball
Set Theory
*Make sure you leave a few empty line under each word & definition to
provide examples and/or illustrations

Vocabulary
A set is any well defined collection of “objects.”

The elements of a set are the objects in a set.

Subsets consists of elements from the given set.

Empty set/Null set is the set that contains no elements.

Universal set is the set of all possible elements.

Ways of Describing Sets
List the elements

A= 1,2,3,4,5,6
Give a verbal description
“A is the set of all integers from 1 to 6,
inclusive”
Give a mathematical inclusion rule
A= Integers x 1  x  6
Some Special Sets
The Null Set or Empty Set. This is a set with no
elements, often symbolized by

 or {}
The Universal Set. This is the set of all elements
currently under consideration, and is often
symbolized by
U
Universal Sets
The universal set is the set of all things
pertinent to a given discussion
and is designated by the symbol U
Example:
U = {all students at Brandeis}
Some Subsets:
A = {all Computer Technology students}
B = {freshmen students}
C = {sophomore students}
 What?!?
Find the Subsets
What are all the subsets of {3, 4, 5}

{} or Ø

{3}, {4}, {5}

{3,4}, {3,5}, {4,5}

{3,4,5}
Try it with a partner
Page 197 (20, 21)
Venn Diagrams
Venn diagrams show relationships between
sets and their elements
Sets A & B

Universal Set

5 8 2 4
1 3
Venn Diagram Example
Set Definition
U= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Set Complement

~A or
A′
“A complement,” or “not A” is the set of all
elements not in A.

*What the others have that you don’t*

 Practice:
Types of color
U
black

purple A red

white blue green

Universal set U =
What is the complement of set A?
 More Practice:
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is the universal set and
A = {2, 3}. What is A′?

U = {a, b} is the universal set and

T = {a}. What is T′?

U = {+, -, x, ÷, =} is the universal set and

A = {÷, =}. What is A′?
Try it with a friend
Page 197 (26, 27)
Page 198 (39)
Venn Diagrams
Here is another one

A B

What is the A′?

A moment to Breath
The moment is over
Combining Sets – Set Union
A B
“A union B” is the set of all elements that
are in A, or B, or both.

This is similar to the logical “or” operator.

Combining Sets – Set
Intersection

A B
“A intersect B” is the set of all elements that
are in both A and B.
This is similar to the logical “and”
Venn Diagrams
Venn Diagrams use topological areas to
stand for sets. I’ve done this one for you.

A B

A B
Venn Diagrams
Try this one!

A B

A B
 Examples

A  {1,2,3} B  {3,4,5,6}

• A  B  {3}

• A  B  {1,2,3,4,5,6}
 Try it on your own!
Let P = {b, d, f, g, h}, M = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j},
N = {c, k}
P M
P M
PN
N M
PN
Try it on your own!
Page 218 (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20)
 Product?!?
Given set D and F, find D x F
D = {1, 3, 5}, F = {0, 2}

Given set R and S, find R x S

R = {Bob, Rose, Carlos}, S = {Sheila}
 Pair in-class-mini-project
Please pick a student with whom you KNOW you CAN
work and be PRODUCTIVE
Assignment:
 Develop/Create a book explaining all four Vocabulary words
from the SET THEORY topic (Complement, Union, Intersection,
Product).
 Use a self-created example for each concept.
 Your audience - a group of elementary students who learn better
when the teacher utilizes images/drawings.
Be creative!!! Make sure your work makes sense, you
might have to present it!
Wrap-Up:
Summary
Home-Learning Assignment #2:
Page 198 (46)
Page 199 (53)
Page 219 (22)
Page 220 (40, 46)