Our objective is to drill a well based on geological

requirement. Geological information and requirement

dictates the planning of the well. Planning of the well
include :
• Depth
• Casing Policy
• Casing design
• Well head
• Mud design
TYPES OF CASING
 The purpose of drilling a well is to evaluate one or
more prospective producing zones and provide a
means of producing the hydrocarbons that may be
found in those horizons. It can also be said that this
is primary purpose of the casing.

 While drilling of oil & gas wells, it is necessary to

line the walls of a borehole with steel pipe which is
called casing.
 When drilling wells, hostile environments, such as
high- pressured zones, weak and fractured
formations, unconsolidated formations and
sloughing shales, are often encountered.
 Hence, wells are drilled and cased in several steps
to seal off these troublesome zones and to allow
drilling to the total depth.
 Different casing sizes are required for different
depths.
 The five general casings used to complete a well
are: conductor pipe, surface casing, intermediate
casing, production casing and liner.
 Following are drilling rig operation
involved in drilling a well
 Rig building
 Spudding of well
 Drilling
 Logging
 Casing lowering
 Cementation
 Wellhead fitting & testing
 BOP fitting & testing
 Fishing operation
 Hermetical Testing
 The process of rig building starts with the
dismantling of rig equipments on the location
where drilling is over. After dismantling all the
equipments of the rig are ready for transportation.

 Transportation is done with the help of trailers and

trucks according to the size of the load.

Dismantling Transportation Rig building

Old location New location
 The beginning of the drilling at the new
location is known as spudding of the well. The
process of drilling includes following
processes.

 Making rat hole

 Making BHA
 Preparation of mud
 Drilling (Making hole)
 Reaming
 Pipe connection
 Mud conditioning prior to pulling out
 Pulling out
 for bit change
 for BHA
 for casing lowering
 for any complication
 Running in
 For resuming drilling
 For mud conditioning
 For fishing
 Coring
MUD CIRCULATION SYSTEM
MUD CIRCULATION SYSTEM
 Coring is process of retrieving/ extracting
down hole formation for analysis at the
surface”
 Types of Coring
 Side wall wire line coring

 Bottom hole conventional coring

 Preparation for casing lowering
 Go gauging
 Fitting of float equipment with casing
 Lowering casing
 Proper make up torque for joints
 Filling up casing with mud
 Circulation at bottom prior to cementation
 The following steps should be taken for
successful preparation of hole for lowering
casing :-

 Ream the hole thoroughly with the bottom hole

assembly used during drilling till there are no tight
pulls or hold ups.
 Ream all the zones of hold ups & do not try to push
through these zones.
 Prior to pulling out the reaming assembly, complete
all the preparations so that casing lowering can be
immediately started after pulling out the reaming
assembly.
 Close blind ram & replace pipe rams with rams of
casing size being lowered.
 Each casing pipe should be drifted for its entire
length before lowering in the well. Casing pipes
that failed the drift test should be rejected with
proper marking on them.

 Circulate casing before reaching total

depth.

 Circulate the casing when half of It was in

the hole

 Circulate the casing when TD has reached

 Hooking up cementing unit line & testing
 Pump pre flush
 Pumping calculated volume of cement slurry
 Pump after flush
 Displacement of cement slurry
 WOC
 After WOC, casing head housing which is the
first well head component to be installed is fitted
on the surface casing. The following procedure is
adopted.

 Remove false conductor/Riser

 Cut the surface casing at a suitable height

from the bottom of the cellar pit
WELL HEAD INSTALLATION

 The marks are put all around the surface of

the casing at a number of points and then a
circular marking is done
 Cut casing and chamfer properly on the
inside.
 The weld on housing of the casing head is
slipped on the cut casing and kept perfectly
horizontal and welded from both inside and
and outside using the proper type of
welding electrodes.
 The welded casing head housing is allowed
to aircool.
 It is done to insure the effectiveness of all the
seals and connections in the well head
system.
 A portable hydraulic pump is used to apply
required pressure.
 Test pressure is as per the requirement of well
pressure expected during a certain phase.
 It should not exceed the rated pressure of the
weakest component of the current well head
assembly.
 Production casing is subjected to hermetical
testing
 After casing has been lowered , CBL - VDL is
conducted and are OK , integrity of casing
has to be tested
 Drilling fluid inside the casing is displaced by
water gradually in several steps