Professional Documents
Culture Documents
-Cicero
Management Defined
• Is defined as the use of people annd other
resources to accomplish objectives. This
definition is applicable to all organizational
structure, both profit - oriented and non -
profit. The process of management is as
important to the effective functioning of
any organization.
Management
• Involves in the creation of an environment
in which people can most effectively use
other resources to reach stated goals. IT
involves the implementation of four basic
functions which play a role in the
operations of all organizations.
Four Basic Functions of
Management according to french,
Henry Fayol
• Planning
• Organizing
• Leading
• Controlling
What is a Plan?
A plan is an organize schedule or
sequence by methodical activities intended to
attain a goal and objectives for the
accomplishment of mission or assignment. It is a
method or way of doing something in order to
attain objectives. Plan provides answer to 5W’s
and 1 H.
What is Planning?
Hudzik and Cordner defined planning as
“thinking about the future, thinking about what we
want the future would be, and thinking about
what we need to do now to achieve it.”
What is Planning?
• Planning can be defined as the process by
which managers set objectives, assess the
future, and develop courses of action
designed to accomplish objectives.
What is Organizing?
• Is the process of obtaining and arranging
people (staffing) and physical resources to
carry out plans and accomplish
organizational objectives. It is a continuing
process in any organization.
What is Leading?
• It is a critical activity in all
organization.It can be defined as
the act of motivating or causing
people to perform certain task
intended to achieve specific
objectives. It is the art of making
things happen.
Controlling
• Can be defined as the continual analysis
and measurement of actual operations
against established standards developed
during the planning process.
Other definitions of Planning
• Deciding in advance what is to be done
and how it is to be done.
• A documented method by which a thing
should be done.
• Listing of a course of action by a tasked
group or groups; or individuals in order to
reach a certain goal.
• Formal act or process of making a plan.
Planning is a management function
concerned with visualizing future situations,
making estimates concerning them, identifying
issues, needs and potential danger points,
analyzing and evaluating the alternative ways and
means for reaching desired goals according to a
certain schedule, estimating the necessary funds,
and resources to do the work, and initiating action
in time to prepare what may be needed to cope
with the changing conditions and contingent
events.
ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
• A goal - what do you want to attain?
• Course of action - how would you reach
your goal?
• Implementing group - who is tasked to
do the actions?
• Resources needed - what is needed to
accomplish?
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
• People become more PRO - ACTIVE not
just RE - ACTIVE.
• Doing more with less
• Foundation of your work
• Helps make your people more productive
• Reflects your competence
• Gives the strategic and tactical advantage
SKILLS NEEDED FOR PLANNING
• Good analytical thinking
• Forecasting - are estimates or predictions of future events
or outcomes foa a specified time period.
• Prioritizing
• Sound objective setting
• Contingency Planning and Crisis management
• Monitoring
• Documenting
• Flexibility
• Inter - operability - is not mere coordination, collaboration or
liasoning. It is a commitment to deploy and employ resources,
and mobilize with synchronized energy with the different
sectors of the community. It is establishing strategic and
tactical alliances towards the vision of peace and order.
STEPS IN PLANNING PROCESS
• Define the over all purpose or goal
• Determine the major components or objevtives
of the plan.
• Make sure that the objectives align with
(support) the over all purpose.
• Collect and evaluate the data you will need tio
determine what it will take to complete each
component of the plan.
• Make sure that the data you collected and
evaluated support the over all purpose.
• Developed a forecast plan.
• make sure that your forecast plan supports the over - all
purpose
• Determine action steps
• Make sure that your action steps support the over - all
purpose
• Develop a contingency plan - a plan designed to take a
possible future event or circumstance into account
• Implementation your plan
• Make sure that your contingency plans support the overall
purpose.
• Make sure that your implementation supports the overall
purpose.
• Check the progress of your plan frequently.
• Make sure that your plan implemented that the overall
purpose remains in focus.
What is Police Planning?
Police Planning is an attempt by
police administrators in trying to allocate
anticipated resources to meet anticipated
service demands. It is the systematic and
orderly determination of facts and events as
basis for policy formulation and decision
affecting law enforcement management.
What is Operational Planning?
• Operational Planning is the use of
rational design or pattern for all
departmental undertaking rather than
relying on change in an operational
environment. It is the preparation and
development of procedures and
techniques in accomplishing of each of
the primary tasks and functions of an
organization.
What is Police Operational
Planning?
• Police Operational Planning is the act of
determining policies and guidelines for police activities
and operations and providing controls and safeguards
for such activities and operations in the department. It
may also be the process of formulating coordinated
sequence of methodical activities and allocation of
resources to the line units of the police organization for
the attainment of the mandated objectives or goals.
• Objectives are a specific commitment to achieve
a measurable result within a specific period of time.
Goals are general statement of intention and typically
with time horizon, or it is an achievable end state that
can be measured and observed. Making choices about
goals is one of the most important aspects of planning.
Relate this definitions with their description as defined
in chapter one.
• The process of police operational planning
involves strategies or tactics, procedures, policies
or guidelines. A Strategy is a broad design or
method; or a plan to attain a stated goal or
objectives. Tactics are specific design, method or
course of action to attain a particular objective in
consonance with strategy. Procedures are
sequences of activities to reach a point or to attain
what is desired. A policy is a product of prudence
or wisdom in the management of human affairs, or
policy is a course of action which could be a
program of actions adopted by an individual,
group, organization, or government, or the set of
principles on which they are based. Guidelines are
rules of action for the rank and file to show them
how they are expected to obtain the desired
effect.
CATEGORIES OF POLICE
OPERATIONS
Public Safety Operation
• It includes Search, Rescue and
retrieval Operations, Fire Drills,
Earthquake Drills and similar
operations that promote public
safety.
LAW ENFORCEMENT
OPERATION
• It includes Service of Warrant of Arrest,
Implementation of Search Warrant,
Enforcement of Visitorial Powers of the Chief,
Philippine National Police and Unit
Commanders, Anti – Illegal Drugs Operation,
Anti – Illegal Gambling Operations, Anti –
Carnapping Operations , Anti – Kidnapping
Operations, Anti Cybercrime Operations and
similar operations that are conducted to enforce
laws, statutes, executive orders and
ordinances.
Internal Security Operation
• Includes Counter - Insurgency Operations,
Counter Terrorist Operations and similar
operations that are conducted to ensure
internal security.
Special Police Operation
• Includes Checkpoint Operation, Roadblock
Operation, Civil Disturbance Management
Operation, Police Assistance in the Enforcement of
Demolition Eviction Injunction and Similar Orders,
Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final
Court Order and Order from Quasi - Judicial Bodies,
Hostage Situation, Visit Board Search and Seizure
Onboard Marine Vessel and similar police
operations that are conducted by police units with
specialized training on the peculiarity of the mission
or purpose.
Intelligence Operation
• Includes Surveillance Operation, Counter
Intelligence, Intelligence Research,
Intelligence Assessment and similar police
intelligence opeartion conducted to gather
information related to security, public
safety and order.
Investigation Operation
• Includes Investigation of Crime Incident,
Administrative Investigation and Similar
investigative work necessary to determine
facts and circumstances for filing cases
criminally or administratively.
Scene of the Crime Operation
(SOCO)
• Includes the processing of crime scene,
technical and forensic examination of
evidences and similar scientific
investigative assistance.
Requirements of Police Operations
• Basic Requirements
Police Operation like arrest, searce and
seizure, checkpoint, roadblocks, demolition and
civil disturbance management shall be
conducted as follows:
a. With a marked police vehicle
b. Led by a Police Commissioned Officer
(PCO); and
c. With Personnel in prescribed police uniform
or attire.
• Use of Megaphones and Similar
Instruments
During police intervention operations, the
Team Leader shall use peaceful means
including the use of megaphones or any other
similar instruments to warn or influence the
offender/s or suspect/s to stop and/ or
peacefully give up.
• Warning Shots Prohibited
The police shall not use warning shots during
police intervention operations.
STRATEGIC PLANNING
Strategic planning is a series of preliminary
decisions on a framework, which in turn guides
subsequent decisions that generate the nature
and direction of an organization. This is usually
long range in nature. The reasons for Strategic
Planning are:
1. VISION – A vision of what a police
department should be.
2. LONG-RANGE THINKING – Keeping in mind
that strategy is deciding where we want to
be
3. STRATEGIC FOCUS
4. CONGRUENCE
5. A STRATEGIC RESPONSE TO CHANGE
6. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
What is the Strategic Planning
process?
• TASK 1 – Develop Mission and Objectives
• TASK 2 – Diagnose Environmental Threats
and Opportunities
• TASK 3 – Assess Organizational Strengths
and Weaknesses
• TASK 4 – Generate Alternative Strategies
• TASK 5 – Develop Strategic Plan
• TASK 6 - Develop Tactical Plan
• TASK 7 – Assess Results of Strategic and
Tactical Plan
• TASK 8 – Repeat Planning Process
In the process, the police administrator can use
the potent tool of alternatives. Alternatives (options)
are means by which goals and objectives can be
attained. They maybe policies, strategies or specific
actions aimed at eliminating a problem. Alternative do
not have to be substitutes for one another or should
perform the same function. For example, our goal is to
“improve officer-survival skills.” The plan is to train
the officers on militaristic and combat shooting. The
alternatives could be:
Alternative 1 – modify police vehicles
Alternative 2 – issuing bulletproof vests
Alternative 3 – utilizing computer assisted dispatch system
Alternative 4 – increasing first-line supervision, etc
FUNDAMENTALS OF POLICE
PLANNING
What are the Objectives of Police Planning?
1. To increase the chances of success by focusing on results and not so much on the
objectives.
2. To force analytical thinking and evaluation of alternatives for better decisions.
3. To establish a framework for decision making consistent with the goal of the
organization.
4. To orient people to action instead of reaction.
5. To modify the day-to-day style of operation to future management.
6. To provide decision making with flexibility.
7. To provide basis for measuring original accomplishments or individual
performance.
8. To increase employee and personnel involvement and to improve communication.
What can be expected in
planning?
1. Improve analysis of problems
2. Provide better information for decision-making
3. Help to clarify goals, objectives, priorities
4. Result is more effective allocation of resources
5. Improve inter-and intradepartmental cooperation
and coordination
6. Improve the performance of programs
7. Give the police department a clear sense of
direction
8. Provide the opportunity for greater public support
9. Increase the commitment of personnel
What are the characteristics of
a good police plan?
1. With clearly defined Objectives or Goals.
2. Simplicity, Directness and Clarity
3. Flexibility
4. Possibility of Attainment
5. Must provide Standard of Operation
6. Economy in terms of Resources needed for
implementation
What are the guidelines in
Planning?
The five (5) W’s and one (1) H
1.What to do – mission/objective
2.Why to do – reason/philosophy
3.When to do – date/time
4.Where to do – place
5.Who will do – people involve
6.How to do – strategy
What are the responsibilities in
Planning?
• Broad External Policy Planning – is the responsibility
of the legislative branch of the government. The main concern
of the police in this broad external policy planning is assisting
the legislature in their determining of police guideline through
the passage of appropriate laws or ordinances for the police to
enforce.
• Internal Policy Planning – is the responsibility of the
C/PNP and other chiefs of the different units or headquarters
within their area of jurisdiction to achieve the objectives or
mission of the police organization. They are responsible for
planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating,
controlling, reporting and budgeting for the police
organization within existing policies and available resources.
For maximum police effectiveness, they shall be responsible
for the technical operation of the police organization and
management of its personnel.
What are the approaches in
Police Planning?
A variety of approaches are employed in the
planning processes. Each is unique and can be
understood as a method of operationalizing the word
planning. There are basically five major approaches to
planning which are:
1. Synoptic Approaches- of or forming a general summary or
synopsis:
2. Incremental Approach -step by step, supplementary
3. Transactive Approach - conduct or carry out
4. Advocacy Approach - public support for or recommendation
of a particular cause or policy
5. Radical Approach - thorough, complete,
progressive.
What is Synoptic Planning?
• Synoptic planning or the rational
comprehensive approach is the dominant
tradition in planning. It is also the point of
departure for most other planning approaches.
• This model is based on a problem-
oriented approach to planning especially
appropriate for police agencies. It relies heavily
on the problem identification and analysis of
the planning process. It can assist police
administrators in formulating goals and
priorities in terms that are focused on specific
problems and solutions that often confront law
enforcement.
Steps in Synoptic Planning
• Prepare for Planning – The task of planning should be detailed in
a work chart that specifies (a) what events and actions are
necessary, (b) when they must take place, (c) who is to be
involved in each action and for how long, and (d) how the
various actions will interlock with one another.
• Describe the present situation – Planning must have a mean for
evaluation. Without an accurate beginning database there is no
reference point on which to formulate success or failure.
• Develop projections and consider alternative future states –
Projections should be written with an attempt to link the
current situation with the future, keeping in mind the desirable
outcomes. It is important for the police executive to project the
current situations into the future to determine possible,
probable and desirable future states while considering the
social, legislative, and political trends existing in the
community.
• Identify and analyze problems – the discovery of the problems
assumes that a system to monitor and evaluate the current
arena is already on place. Closely related to the detection and
identification of issues is the ability of the police to define the
nature of the problem, that is to able to describe the
magnitude, cause, duration, and the expense of the issues at
hand. A complete understanding of the problem leads to the
development of the means to deal with the issues.
Examples of OPLANS
• Oplan Jumbo – Aviation Security Group Strategic Plan against
terrorist attacks
• Oplan Salikop – Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
(CIDG) Strategic Plan against Organized Crime Groups
• LOI PAGPAPALA is the entry point in the conceptualization of the
PNP Pastoral Program for the next five years with a Total Human
Development Approach (THD Approach).
• The TMG through its “OPLAN DISIPLINA” that resulted in the
apprehension of 110,975 persons, the confiscation of 470
unlawfully attached gadgets to vehicles, and rendering various
forms of motorists’ assistance.
• OPLAN BANTAY DALAMPASIGAN that sets forth the operational
guidelines on the heightened security measures and sea borne
security patrols.
Factors affecting Police Planning
1. Condition – a consideration of political atmosphere, public opinion;
ideological aspirations; peace and order; national/community ethics,
behavior and discipline in the area where the plan will be
implemented.
2. Time – It is the period available to establish plan before putting it
into effort. Consider the time of execution/implementation, the time
interval and time allowed for the revisions and modifications of plan.
3. Resources Available – Allocation of manpower, money and materials
4. Skills and Attitudes of Management – Refers to the level of
experiences of the personnel who are involved in the preparation of
the plan and those who will execute the plan. Applicability of good
management principles shall be exploited.
5. Social and Political Environment – Refers to social and political
practices, which will be affected b the plan or plan affecting these
practices, beliefs and norms of society.
6. Physical Facilities – Refers to machinery, instrument or tools in the
attainment of the goals of the plan. A certain system or structural
designs in order to meet expected results.
7. Collection and Analysis of Data – Ready sources and basis of good
decision-making by the makers of the plan may be properly obtain
through research and other means of information gathering
techniques.
Parts of a Police Operational Plan
1. Security Classification
2. Number of Copies and Pages
3. Name of Headquarters
4. Plan Title or Name
5. Reference – The source of authority in formulating a
plan is based on:
• Organizational Policy or Guidelines
• Orders of Superior Officers or Authorities
• Documents, maps, books, etc.
6. Situation – General Situation and Specific Situation
7. Mission
8. Task Allocation
9. Coordinating Instructions – Refers to the manner of
giving alarm or signal when encountering such
problems which needs immediate action
10. Command – Refers to the relationship between
operating personnel or units with that of Police
Headquarters; who to summon for assistance.
11. Signal – Defines communication network, which is to
be used during a particular operation like using
passwords.
12. Signature
13. Distribution – Refers to what unit will be given copies
of the plan. For instance, A – All units, B – Selected
units, C – Very selected, and D – Only 1 unit
TYPES OF PLAN in general
• Reactive Plans are developed as a result of
crisis. A particular problem may occur for which the
department has no plan and must quickly develop one,
sometimes without careful preparation.
• Proactive Plans are developed in anticipation of
problems. Although not all police problems are
predictable, many are, and it is possible for a police
department to prepare a response in advance.
• Visionary Plans are essential statements that
identify the role of the police in the community and the
future condition or state to which the department can
aspire. A vision may also include a statement of values
to be used to guide the decision making process in the
department.
• Strategic Plans are designed to meet the long-range,
overall goals of the organization. Such plans allow the
department to adapt anticipated changes or develop a new
philosophy or model of policing (e.g. community policing).
One of the most important aspects of strategic planning is
to focus on external environmental factors that affect the
goals and objectives of the department and how they will
be achieved. Important environmental factors include
personnel needs, population trends, technological
innovations, business trends and demand, crime problems,
and community attitudes.
• Mental health
• Intellectual Capacity
• Education and Experience
• Values, attitude and perception
• Motivation to act
Nine (9) Steps in Rational Decision Making
Phase I
Assessment of
the Situation
Writing the
Plan
Testing the
Plan
Phase IV
Critique the
Plan
Decision - - - - - No
Immediate
Action
Disaster
Action Team
Leader Team Leader
Notifies
Assembly at the
Crisis or Initial Actions:
Disaster Center Log Created, Family/ Appropriate
Government Contacted, Action
Press Guidance, Others
The chain of events during a disaster is
simplified as follows:
• Security receives initial report of emergency
• Security notifies Disaster Team Leader
• Team leader decides if immediate action is
required
• If action is required, he notifies the other team
members to convene at the crisis management
center
• Initial liaison established and actions taken: create
log, contact of family, employees involved,
government or law enforcement liaison contacts,
prepare contingency press guidance, others.
• Respond to event
Crowd Control and Riot Prevention