Willow International School

Biology
Grade 8

Cells

Carolina Nelson Djedje

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Cell definition and theory
XVI – Hans Janssen ( invented the microscope)
 Term cell was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of
dried cork and saw that it was composed by small compartments and he called
them “cells”

 At 1839 Matthias Scheiden, a botanical confirmed that all plants are

comprised by cell.
 After one year, 1840 – Theodor Schwann, zoologist, discovered that all
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animals are also comprised by cells.
Cell history
 So, these discoveries brought a very big step for biology history, and
were considered the base of cell theory: The cell is the lowest level of
structure capable of performing all the activities of life.
 At 1855, Rudolf Virchow, biologist and doctor, amplified the concept
of cell Theory, when he confirmed that the cell gather completely all
the properties of life.
 All living things are comprised of cells.

 The cells are the smallest living unit in an organism;

 Cells come from previously existing cells.

 Cell Organization: Cell membrane ; cytoplasm; cytosol and organelles.
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 What is cell?

 Cell is a small compartment that holds all of the biological equipment necessary to keep
the organism alive. They are composed by many organelles that together contribute for
the cell life.
There are two kinds of cells
Prokaryotic cell- single celled organisms with very simple organization without nucleus
Eukaryotic cell- cell provided by nucleus and complex organization.
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell

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Prokaryotic cell

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Sorts of eukaryotic cells
The sorts of eukariotic cells are: plant and animal cells
 Plant cell
A structural and functional unit of a plant. Different plant cells have different
roles.
What are the parts of the plant cells?

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What are the parts of animal cells?
Animal cell - A form of eukaryotic cell, makes up many tissues in animals

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Function of organelles
 The cell membrane controls what materials can enter or leave the cell;
 The cell wall give added support and give o cells their box-like shape;
 The nucleus holds the organism’s genetic information and directs most all of the activities in the cell;
 The nuclear membrane controls the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus.
 The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the entire cell to hold organelles in place;
 The mitochondria act as the energy converter and manager of the cell;
 The chloroplast collects radiant energy from the sun and uses it to convert carbon dioxide (CO2), water
(H2O) into a sugar (glucose) (site of photosynthesis);
 The vacuole stores food, water, wastes and other materials;
 The Ribosomes make protein molecules from amino acids;
 The Golgi Bodies gather simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex.

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Comparison between both cells

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Comparison of plant and animal cell

Comparative table of plant cell and animal cells

Plant cell Animal cell

Plant cells are usually larger in size Smaller in size

Have a rectangular and fixed shape Have a round and irregular shape
Composed by cell wall made up of cellulose Without cell wall
With big vacuoles Without few and small vacuoles
Without Centrioles With centrioles

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Homework
 Who discovered the cell? How?
 Define cell?
 What the theory cell says?
 What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
 Write the differences between animal cell and plant cell.

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