OPEN AND CLOSE

LOOP SYSTEMS
GROUP 2: ARON JOSHUA P. BALONGA
KATHLENE JANE S. HINAY
WHAT ARE OPEN AND CLOSE
LOOP SYSTEMS??
OPEN-LOOP AND CLOSED-LOOP (OR FEEDBACK)
SYSTEMS ARE TWO FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
IN CONTROL THEORY AND ENGINEERING THAT
DESCRIBE HOW A SYSTEM OR PROCESS IS
CONTROLLED AND REGULATED. THEY DIFFER IN
HOW THEY HANDLE FEEDBACK AND ADJUST
THE SYSTEM'S BEHAVIOR.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN OPEN AND
CLOSE LOOP SYSTEMS?
OPEN LOOP SYSTEMS
• IN AN OPEN-LOOP SYSTEM, THE CONTROL ACTION IS NOT DEPENDENT ON THE
SYSTEM'S OUTPUT OR THE SYSTEM'S STATE. INSTEAD, IT RELIES SOLELY ON A
PREDEFINED INPUT OR SETPOINT.
• THE SYSTEM DOES NOT HAVE A MECHANISM TO MEASURE AND COMPARE THE
ACTUAL OUTPUT WITH THE DESIRED OUTPUT (SETPOINT) TO MAKE
CORRECTIONS.
• OPEN-LOOP SYSTEMS ARE TYPICALLY SIMPLE AND HAVE LIMITED ABILITY TO
ADAPT TO CHANGES OR DISTURBANCES IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
• EXAMPLES OF OPEN-LOOP SYSTEMS INCLUDE A TOASTER, WHERE YOU SET THE
TIMER, BUT IT DOES NOT ADJUST THE TOASTING PROCESS BASED ON THE
ACTUAL STATE OF THE TOAST.
CLOSE LOOP SYSTEMS
• IN A CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM, THE CONTROL ACTION IS BASED ON FEEDBACK FROM THE
SYSTEM'S OUTPUT. THE SYSTEM CONTINUOUSLY MEASURES THE OUTPUT AND COMPARES IT
TO THE DESIRED REFERENCE OR SETPOINT.
• AN ERROR SIGNAL IS GENERATED BY THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ACTUAL OUTPUT AND
THE DESIRED SETPOINT. THIS ERROR SIGNAL IS USED TO ADJUST THE CONTROL INPUT,
MAKING THE SYSTEM RESPOND TO CHANGES AND DISTURBANCES.
• CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEMS ARE MORE ROBUST AND CAPABLE OF MAINTAINING THE DESIRED
OUTPUT EVEN IN THE PRESENCE OF EXTERNAL DISTURBANCES OR VARIATIONS IN THE
SYSTEM ITSELF.
• EXAMPLES OF CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEMS INCLUDE A THERMOSTAT IN A HEATING SYSTEM THAT
MEASURES THE ROOM TEMPERATURE AND ADJUSTS THE HEATING ACCORDINGLY, OR A
CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM IN A CAR THAT MAINTAINS A CONSTANT SPEED BY ADJUSTING THE
THROTTLE BASED ON THE VEHICLE'S SPEED AND DEVIATIONS FROM THE DESIRED SPEED.
IN SUMMARY, OPEN-LOOP SYSTEMS ARE SIMPLE AND DO
NOT INCORPORATE FEEDBACK, MAKING THEM LESS
ADAPTABLE TO CHANGES AND DISTURBANCES. CLOSED-
LOOP SYSTEMS, ON THE OTHER HAND, USE FEEDBACK
TO CONTINUOUSLY ADJUST THEIR CONTROL ACTIONS,
MAKING THEM MORE RELIABLE AND SUITABLE FOR A
WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS, ESPECIALLY WHEN
PRECISE CONTROL IS REQUIRED.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING