Recall

FACT OR BLUFF
 The Pacific ocean is getting wider and the Atlantic ocean is getting smaller.
 Oceanic crust is thinner but denser than continental crust.
 Lithospheric plates consist of crust only.
 Plates move less than a few inches every year about the same as your toenails
grow.
 Juan de Fuca plate is the smallest tectonic plate
 All volcanoes are formed due to movement of plate boundaries.
What do you know about Waves?

 Where are they?

 What are the kinds of wave?
 What do waves do?
 Name different types of waves.
Wave Characteristics
Seismic Waves
Types of Waves
 Compression wave
 Transverse Wave

Seismic Wave
 INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY BY
GROUP
 Seismic Waves - 2004 Sumatra Quake & Tsunami (iris.edu)

• Click the start button.

• It shows a visualization of an earthquake and
different types of seismic waves it produces.
• Click P-wave, S-wave, Surface wave button to
know more about them.
SHARING OF IDEAS
Seismic Wave
 Seismic waves are the waves of energy
caused by the sudden breaking of rock
within the earth or an explosion. They are
the energy that travels through the earth
and is recorded on seismographs.
Seismic waves earthquake - YouTube
1. BODY WAVES
Stop and Think
 Have you ever heard a big clap of thunder and heard the windows
rattle at the same time?
 The windows rattle because the sound
waves were pushing and pulling on the
window glass much like P waves push
and pull on rock. Sometimes animals can
hear the P waves of an earthquake.
Usually we only feel the bump and rattle
of these waves.
1. BODY WAVES

 P Waves (compression wave)

- fastest kind of seismic wave
- can move through solid rock and fluids
- pushes (FORWARD) and
pulls(BACKWARD) the rock
- compressional
1. BODY WAVES

 S wave (transverse wave)

- second wave you feel in an earthquake
- can only move through solid rock.
- moves rock up and down, or side-to-side.
- transverse
2. surface WAVES
 Love Waves
-named after A.E.H. Love, a British mathematician who
worked out the mathematical model for this kind of wave
in 1911.
- fastest surface wave (third to arrive)
- transverse
- moves the ground from side-to-side.
2. surface WAVES
 Rayleigh Waves
- named for John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh,
who mathematically predicted the existence of
this kind of wave in 1885.
- rolls along the ground just like a wave rolls
across a lake or an ocean.
- moves the ground up and down, and side-to-side.
- last to arrive
How are body waves
used to locate the
epicenter of an
earthquake?
The longer the time interval of the
arrival between P-WAVE and S-
WAVE, the farther the epicenter of an
earthquake.
How a Seismograph Works - YouTube
How are body waves
used to analyze the
internal structure of
the earth?
 Mohorovicic discontinuity – boundary between crust
and mantle which was discovered by Andrija
Mohorovicic due to increase in velocity at a distance of
about 50 km below the earth’s surface.
 Waves bend as it changes speed due to difference in density.

 Gutenberg discontinuity – boundary between mantle and

core discovered by Beno Gutenberg.
 From 105 – 140 degrees from the epicenter, no
P-waves are recorded due to refraction and is called P-wave shadow
zone. It start to reappear from 1400.
 105 degrees from the epicenter, S waves are no longer
detected which is called the S-wave shadow zone

 Lehmann discontinuity – boundary between outer

core and inner core discovered by Inge Lehmann
EVALUATION

How are body waves used in determining the size

of each layer?
What did the travel time of P wave and S waves allow scientist to discover?
If the Earth’s interior had no change with depth, how would the seismic waves
travel?
What causes the seismic waves to reflect(bounce back) and refract(bend)?
How does the speed of the seismic waves change with increasing depth?
What part of the Earth do earthquakes occur?
Can seismic waves be
artificially generated,
and if so, for what
purposes?