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Understanding Protein Translation Process

The document describes the process of translation, which involves mRNA carrying protein instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes use tRNA to translate mRNA codons into a polypeptide chain of amino acids. The three steps of translation are initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation involves a ribosome assembling around mRNA and the first tRNA. Elongation adds new amino acids one by one. Termination releases the finished protein when a stop codon is reached.

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Daryl FC
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100 views28 pages

Understanding Protein Translation Process

The document describes the process of translation, which involves mRNA carrying protein instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes use tRNA to translate mRNA codons into a polypeptide chain of amino acids. The three steps of translation are initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation involves a ribosome assembling around mRNA and the first tRNA. Elongation adds new amino acids one by one. Termination releases the finished protein when a stop codon is reached.

Uploaded by

Daryl FC
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

TRANSLATION

OBJECTIVES:

a. Describe the process of translation


b. Determine the sequence of amino acids
from a given strand of mRNA and codon
tables
c. Understand how a polypeptide is built,
one amino acid at a time, in the different
docking sites of the ribosome.
1. What is the function of DNA?
- carries the genes or instructions needed for
R
an organism to develop, survive and
reproduce. E
2. What are the three types of RNA?
- mRNA, trNA, rRNA C
A
3. What is the role of mRNA?
-carry protein information from DNA in a cell’s
nucleus to cell’s cytoplasm
4. Why can’t DNA leave the nucleus but mRNA L
can?
- It is protected by nuclear membrane from most
of the things that might damage it. Example,
viruses can’t change the DNA because they
would have to enter the nucleus to do so,
L
After building an
mRNA that now
contains the
necessary
instructions, it
will leave the
nucleus to be
greeted by a
ribosome that will
use its translation
instructions to
construct a
protein or
polypeptide which
involves the tRNA
and rRNA
LET’S TRY
 https://wordwall.net/resource/13004137/bi
ology/amino-acid-codon-chart
WHAT IS TRANSLATION?
HOW IS PROTEIN MADE IN THE
HUMAN BODY?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA
INITIATION
 Ribosome assembles around the mRNA to be
read and the 1st tRNA (carrying the amino
acid methionine, w/c matches the start
codon, AUG).
ELONGATION
 Amino acid gets longer
 The mRNA is read one codon at a time, and
amino acid matching each codon is added to
agrowing protein chain.
 tRNA’s move through the A,P, E sites of
ribosomes. This process repeats many times
as new codons are read and new amino acids
are added to the chain.
TERMINATION
 Finished polypeptide is released. It begins
when a stop codon (UAG, UAA, or UGA)
enters the ribosome, triggering a series of
events that separate the chain from its tRNA
allow it to drift out of the ribosome.
HOW IMPORTANT ARE
PROTEINS?
ASSESSMENT
1. Which of the following is NOT a necessary
component of translation?

A. anticodon
B. mRNA
C. ligase
D. amino acid
ASSESSMENT
1. Proteins contain ____ different amino
acids, whereas DNA and RNA are composed
of ___ different nucleotides

A.20, 64
B. 3, 20
C. 4, 20
D. 20, 4
ASSESSMENT
3. A Cell builds it's proteins from the
Instructions encoded in its _________

A.Cytoplasm
B. Cell Membrane
C. Amino acid
D. Lysosome
E. Genome
ASSESSMENT
4. The anticodon of tRNA binds with

A. nucleic bases of mRNA


B. codons of tRNA
C. nucleic bases of rRNA
D. amino acid
ASSESSMENT
5. Translation takes place in the

A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. chloroplast

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