DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICA ENGINEERING.
(NTA LEVEL 6).
PROJECT TITLE: DESIGN OF A BATTERY CHARGER AND LIMIT

. BATTERY OVERCHERGING FOR A THREE PHASE

GENERATOR USING TANESCO POWER AT MANTRAC .

PROJECT TYPE: PROBLEM SOLVING

STUDENT NAME: HUSSEIN ABDUL BAITIRA.
ADMISSION NO: 0803015183
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2010/2011
 NTRODUCTION

• A battery is made up of number of cell

connected in series to provide multiples of the
basic cell voltage for the battery .Battery is
one or more cells that are designed to provide
electrical power
• A cell is capable of converting stored chemical
energy into electrical energy
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Most generator use battery as an exciter when

starting to generate power after starting the battery
is charged by alternator
• If the generator is not run for long time the battery
become discharged
• So when the power of TANESCO cut off the
generator can not start because the battery is
discharged
• Also start again the battery need firstly to take out a
battery and recharge it
 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

• Main objective
• The main objective to limit battery
overcharging
• Specific objectives
• The specific objective is to design a circuit this
will limit battery overcharging and keeps the
battery full charge
 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT

 The proposed system will help to

• To reduce the cost of operation
• Increase life span of battery
• Improve operation at MANTRAC
 METHODOLOGY
• Literature review
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Design a circuit
• Construct a prototype
• Test a prototype
• Report writing
 LITERATURE REVIEW

• A battery charger is an electrical device that is used for putting

energy into a battery. The battery charger change the Ac from
the power line into Dc suitable for charger.
• In general main operated battery charger consists the following
element.
• A step-down transformer for reducing the high Ac main voltage
to low Ac voltage
• A half-wave or full rectifier for converting alternating current to
direct current
• A device for preventing the reversal i.e. discharging of the
battery through the charging source when the source voltage
happens to fall bellow the battery voltage.
 EXISTING CHARGING SYSTEM

• The existing method of charging battery is

constant current in this method chargers vary
the voltage they apply to maintain a constant
current flow, switching off when the voltage
reaches the level of a full charge
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF EXISTING SYSTEM

OPERATION OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

A rectifier and thyristor controlled battery charger which converts AC input into regulated
DC out put and keeps a battery full charged.
constant current charging a current of constant magnitude is forced into the battery,
regardless of the state of charge of battery.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

• A step up transformer for reducing high Ac main voltage

to a low ac voltage. A half wave full wave rectifier for
converting alternating current to direct current. A charge
current limit Element for preventing the flow of excessive
charging current into the battery under charge.
• A battery charger may also have circuitry monitor the
battery voltage automatically adjust the charging current.
It may also terminate the charging process when battery
• become fully charged. In many cases the charging
process is not totally terminated but only the charging
rate is reduced so as to keep the battery on trickle
charging.
•
 DATA COLLECTION

• The data collected related to my project:

• Output Vdc=26.6V
• Output current =2A
• Frequency range=50-60Hz
• Input voltage=220-240v
 DATA ANALYSIS
Area of generator
• Length=330cm
• Width=120cm
• Area=(330x120)
• =39600sqcm
• Output power=60KVA
• Power factor=0.8
• Volts=415/240v
• Amp=83A
• No of cell=6
• Charge V/cell at the beginning=1.9v
• Charge V/cell at the end =2.4v
 At the beginning
• Total back emf=6x1.9=12.6v
• Net driving voltage=24v-11.4=12.6V
 At the end
• Back emf of the battery =6x2.4=14.4v
• Net driving voltage=24-14.4=9.6V
 DATA ANALYSIS
• Vdc needed on circuit=12V
• Vdc drop on diode=0.7
• Vdc rectified =Vdc+Vdcdrop=12+0.7=12.7
• Vm=3.14*Vdc=3.14*12.7=37.68Vdc
• Vrms=Vm/1.142=37.68/1.142=26.6Vac
• The Step-down Transformer
needed=220/26.6V
 OPERATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

• Description.
• A simple battery charger based on SCR is shown here. Here the SCR rectifies the AC
mains voltage to charge the battery. When the battery connected to the charger gets
discharged the battery voltage gets dropped. This inhibits the forward biasing voltage
from reaching the base of the transistor Q1 through R4 and D2.This switches off the
transistor. When the transistor is turned OFF, the gate of SCR (H1) gets the triggering
voltage via R1 & D3.This makes the SCR to conduct and it starts to rectify the AC input
voltage. The rectified voltage is given to the battery through the resistor R6 (5W).This
starts charging of the battery.
When the battery is completely charged the base of Q1 gets the forward bias signal
through the voltage divider circuit made of R3, R4, R5 and D2.This turns the transistor
ON. When the Q1 is turned ON the trigger voltage at the gate of SCR is cut off and the
SCR is turned OFF. In this condition a very small amount of charge reaches the battery
via R2 and D4 for trickle charging. Since the charging voltage is only half wave rectified,
this type of charger is suitable only for slow charging. For fast charging full wave
rectified charging voltage is needed.
•
AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT FOR BATTERY CHARGER
 RECOMENDATION
• Apart from this project being much focused at
MANTRAC but it can also help individual
charging centers, it is effective. This is because
may local charging centers do not use this
system for protection of the batteries.
 CONCLUSION
• The proposed system has several advantages
as compared to the existing system
 It simple to operate.
 It reduce operating cost.
 The result of this circuit is so easy and cheap
since it consist very few components which
can be found within the country
 It accuracy and good efficiency
 REFERENCE
• B.I.Thelaja-2002,Electrical
Technology,page279-311
• Nasar and Unnewehr Electro mechanics and
Electric Machine, John Wiley and Sons.
• Exide Industrial Marketing Division ,the
storage battery ,lead-acid Type, the storage
battery company