Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(1)
University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, Email: {M.A.Blaj; F.J.K.Buesink@utwente.nl
(2)
Thales BV Netherlands, Hengelo, The Netherlands, Email: frank.leferink@nl.thalesgroup.com
i dt 2 10 6 A 2 s
2
(1)
The total duration of the A pulse is about 200μs and the
Figure. 1 – LRR on top of the deck rise time of the current from 0 to 200kA is around 10μs.
The A pulse is instantly followed by an intermediate pulse,
The design of the LRR includes several lightning 100 times smaller, the B pulse. It last longer, around 4.5 to
protection features such as lightning rods. The protected 5 ms, but its peak current only reaches 2kA ± 10%.
area and the maximum currents in the structure of the LRR
are obtained using the Rolling Sphere Model (RSM).
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e R
i exp t (6)
L 2L
1 L
0,5 (7)
R C
And the action integral is:
e 2C
i dt 2R
2
(8)
R 2 1
C - Pulse circuit; see figure 4.
a 2 (5) A 200C charge needed for the C pulse is delivered by
4L LC another pulse shaping network. The requirements for this
To find the transition between the two conditions, we use pulse are: an average value of 400A, duration of 0.5 s. at a
the following relations, for the critically damped case: driving voltage of 1400V in total, 140mF, and 140kJ. In
order to be more economic, the use of electrolytic
capacitors and clamping diodes to avoid a voltage reversal
is imperative. The use of lead batteries is an option.
The use of a synchronous generator with a step – up
transformer and rectifier diodes is advised for this part of
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the process. For example, the 400V/ 125A local network Not only the structural integrity was our aim, but also to
and a 15kVA transformer operated in short run conditions determine the EM fields induced inside and the transients
with 100A LV fuses for protection. In order to generate generated by the flow of the lightning current in the
and maintain a 30cm arc the circuit is provided with a structure. For this purpose we conceived a set of coils,
16mH smoothing air core reactor and 6 pulse bridge positioned at various distances from the vertical bars of the
diodes. frame, inside and outside the structure. The coils
represented the response of a real conductor placed inside
The last coil of the B circuit connects the DUT to the entire
or in the vicinity of the given structure.
workbench. A spark gap and a series of metal – oxide
varistors represent the protection against excessive over Two sizes of coils were used, and their radiuses were 20
voltages and a series diode realizes the decoupling between and 25 mm, while the thickness of the Cupper wire was 11
the B circuit and the C circuit, and also prevents the and respectively 5 mm thick.
chopping instability of the arc into the large input
capacitances of the B circuit.
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The data we have for the moment, together with the data References
from the following months will give us the base to verify [1] Combined sources for lightning current tests. G.C.Damstra,
the experiments via simulation, using a time domain J.A.J Pettinga. September 1989, Sixth International Symposium on
simulation tool. High Voltage Engineering, pg. 1 - 4.
[2] MIL – STD – 464A, Department Of Defense Interface
Standard, Electromagnetic environmental effects requirements for
systems, 18 March 1997.
[3] CEI – IEC – 62305 – 3, International Standard - Protection
against lightning – Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life
hazard.
[4] Lightning current tests on Radar Systems. M.A. Blaj, F.
Wagenaar, F.J.K. Buesink, G.C.Damstra, F.B.J. Leferink.
September 2008, EMC Europe 2008 International Symposium, pg. 1
– 4.
[5] Lightning protecting materials used on Radar Systems. M.A.
Blaj, F.J.K. Buesink, G.C.Damstra, F.B.J. Leferink. September
2009, ICOLSE 2009 International Symposium, pg. 1 – 4.
[6] Experimental evaluation of lightning protection zone used on
ship. S. Grzybowski. May 2007, IEEE Electric Ship Technologies
International Symposium, pg. 215 – 220.
[7] Lightning attachment to common structures: Is the rolling
sphere method really adequate? M. Becerra, F. Roman, V. Cooray.
Fig. 8 – Damage assessment after a few dozen tests June 2008, ICLP 2008 International Symposium.
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