EARLY CIVILIZATION AND

THE RISE OF THE STATE

CIVILIZATION
CIVILIZATION
comes from the Latin words
“civis” which refers to one
who is inhabitants of a city
and “civets” which refers to
the urban community in
which one dwells.
CIVILIZATION
Is a highly organized
society marked by
advanced knowledge of
trade, government,
arts, science and
often time written
language.
FOUR EARLY RIVER
VALLEY
CIVILIZATIONS
(4500-6000 yrs. Ago)
 MESOPOTAMINA CIVILIZATION
(Tigris & Euphrates Rivers)
 EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
(Nile River)
 INDIAN CIVILIZATION
(Indus River)
  ANCIENT CHINA
Huang Ho (yellow)River
 1. MESOPOTAMINA
CIVILIZATION
(Tigris & Euphrates Rivers)
 In this area known as the Fertile
Crescent, man discovered agriculture.
 MESOPOTAMIA was a very dry area. However,
irrigation canals allowed agriculture to develop.
 making it possible to
increase the
production of food.

 the development of agriculture provided

water and fertility to the land of the valleys of
the rivers.
 With this, the population grew and a surplus
of agricultural goods arose that allowed the
exchange of food for other goods.
 trade and
thus giving a place for the birth of
the development and specialization of
other jobs that were not related to agriculture.
 Writing appeared in Mesopotamia over 5,000
years ago. This invention was so important that
it marks the end of Prehistory, and the
beginning of History.
 As villages grew into towns, writing was a way
of storing information about taxes, trade
and population
 The need to document commercial trade
and the need to introduce laws made the
birth of writing possible.
 CITY-STATES
Although all cities shared the
same culture, each has its own
government, rulers, warriors,
patron god, and functioned like
independent country.
CITIES: UR, URUK, KISK,
LAGESH
ZIGGURAT
 SOCIETY
SOCIAL CLASSES:
1.Priests and Aristocrats(Kings)
2.CivilServants :Scribes
3.Ordinary Workers:
Craftmens, merchants,
peasants
 Slaves were not free citizens
 Women have more rights
than in many later
civilizations, but not allowed
to attend schools (could not
read or write)
 Powerful priests held much power in
the beginning. Military commanders
eventually became monarch creating a
new structure of government called a
dynasty.
 DYNASTY- a series of rulers
descending from a single family line.
 2. EGYPTIAN
CIVILIZATION
3. INDIAN CIVILIZATION
(Indus River)
 Spanning an area stretching from
northeast Afghanistan, through much
of Pakistan, and into western and
northwestern India
MOHENJO-DARO

HARAPPA
RELIGION:
Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely
short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these
symbols constituted a script used to record a language, or
even symbolise a writing system.

Harappan script
 TRADE & TRANSFORTATION
Economy depended
significantly on
trade which was
facilitated by
advanced
transportation

They were the

first one to use
wheeled
transport.
ARTS & CRAFTS
ACHIEVEMENTS
GOVERNMENT
 There was no single ruler
but several: Mohenjo-daro
had a sepatare ruler,
Harappa society had no
ruler so they enjoyed equal
status.
 4.ANCIENT CHINA
Huang Ho (yellow)River
MESOPOTAMIA, EGYPT,
CHINA, INDIA
 These civilizations sprouted near
the river.
 Societies evolved from simple to
complex
 There are different social classes,
arts, religion, system of writings
 Agriculture flourished
MESOPOTAMIA, EGYPT,
CHINA, INDIA
 Since they had the capacity to
harvest the resources from nearby
bodies of water, these settlements
grew to become complex
territories and other empires
developed system of writings,
transformation, status and later on
the establishment of the state.
DEMOCRATIZATION
GREEK:
demos- the common
people;
Kratia-power
Democracy originated from
city-states of ancient Greece
in Athens sometime around
500 BCE.
Definition: The political power,
direct or indirect, through
participation, competition, and
liberty

Subjective definition: favours

individual freedom over collective
equality
ABRAHAM LINCOLN

“government of the
people, by the
people and for the
people”
 DEMOCRACY
 Democratic
governments give
authority to the people
to elect their leaders.
 DEMOCRACY
 Sovereignty resides
in the people and
that the sates
mandates through
its constitution;
 The government must be
able to respect and
represent the will of the
people
 To take care of the
welfare of all citizens
 Protect the
fundamental
rights of the
citizens
 Constitutionalrules
and regulations are
used to guide how
the government
will function.
 In making social, economic
and political decisions, the
rule of the majority is based
on a due process of the
law and the recognition of
the right of each individual.
PILLARS OF
DEMOCRACY
1. Sovereignty of
the people.
2. Government based
upon consent of the
governed.
3. Majority rule.

4. Minority
rights.
5. Guarantee
of basic human
rights
6. Free and
fair elections.
7. Equality
before the
law.
 8.Due
process of
law.
9. Constitutional
limits on
government.
 10. social,
economic and
political
pluralism.
11.Values of tolerance,
pragmatism,
cooperation and
compromise.
ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS.
1. What are the four
earliest civilization
that emerged
throughout the
history? Why do these
civilizations sprouted
near the river?
2. What are the
indications of Cultural
Changes? (Give at least3)
a. Agricultural innovation
b. Variation of labor.
c. Political governance
d. Social stratification
3. What are the
Basic Characteristics
of a City/
Civilization ?