Cognitive Perspective

Introduction:
• This approach focuses on how internal thoughts
and feelings influence one's behavior. The
cognitive approach emphasizes the importance of
memory, perception and attention, language,
decision-making and problem-solving.
Cognitive Perspective Aspects:
• Cognitivism Theory
• Knowledge as Internal Process
• Active Learning vs. Passive Learning
• Cognitivism and Connectivism
• Cognitive Development
• Cognitive Model
• Cognitive Psychology
Cognitivism Theory: Information Processing:
• Emphasizes the role • Cognitivism views the
mind as an
of mental processes information processor,
in learning and much like a computer.
understanding It suggests that
human behavior. individuals gather,
encode, store, and
retrieve information in
ways that influence
their learning and
behavior.
 Active Learning
vs. Passive
Learning
According to cognitivism,
learning is an active
process that involves the
learner's engagement
with the material. It's not
just a passive reception of
information but rather an
effortful process of
making sense of
information.
focuses on individual cognitive processes and structured knowled
Cognitivism

emphasizes networked
knowledge, digital resources, and
the role of social and Connectivism
technological connections in
learning
 Cognitive Development
Cognitive Model:
It is the process by which individuals acquire knowledge, develop
 • is a professional in the field of
psychology who specializes in
studying and researching mental
processes such as perception,
Cognitive memory, problem-solving,
Psychologist language, reasoning, and decision-
making. These psychologists are
dedicated to understanding how
individuals think, learn, and make
sense of the world.
Albert Bandura (1925-2021)
He is a Canadian-American psychologist known for his social learning
theory, the Bobo doll experiment, observational learning, and self-
efficacy. His research on observational learning and self-efficacy has had
a significant influence on our understanding of how individuals acquire
and apply new information and behaviors.
 Bobo Doll Experiments
o These experiments
involved children
observing adults
behaving
aggressively toward
a toy Bobo doll.
When the children
later played with the
same doll, they
imitated the violent
actions the adults
previously modeled.
Observational Learning

 describes the process of observing and

imitating others as a way of learning. As
Bandura’s experiments demonstrated, this
can involve direct and indirect
demonstrations.
Social Learning Theory

 describes how people learn by observing and

imitating others. Bandura later renamed his
approach social cognitive theory to emphasize
the cognitive factors, including attention and
memory, that play a role in social learning.
Self-efficacy

 is a person’s belief in their own ability to

succeed. Bandura was the first to
demonstrate that a person’s self-belief
influenced what people are close to doing,
how they feel about what they do, and how
much effort they put in.