OSHA OUTREACH Training

Program

Cranes
‫األوناش‬

Ahmed Metwally

OSHA Office of Training &

Education 1
Cranes
Major Causes of Crane
Accidents
 Contact with power lines
 Overturns
 Falls
 Mechanical failures
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Education 3
 How Do Accidents Occur?
Instability – unsecured load, load
capacity exceeded, or ground not level
or too soft
Lack of communication - the point of
operation is a distance from the crane
operator or not in full view of the
operator
Lack of training
Inadequate maintenance or
inspection
VIDEO

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Education 4
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Education 5
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Education 6
 Planning Before Start-Up
 Level the crane and ensure support surface is
firm and able to support the load
 Contact power line owners and determine
precautions. Know the location and voltage of
overhead power lines.
 Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and
job site restrictions, such as the location of
power lines, unstable soil, or high winds.
 Make other personnel aware of hoisting
activities.
 Barricade areas within swing radius.
 Ensure proper maintenance and inspections.
 Determine safe areas to store materials and
place machinery.OSHA Office of Training &
Education 7
CRANE SAFETY
Only people
that have
trained are
permitted to
operate
cranes
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Education 8
CRANE SAFETY
 Barricades
around the
swing area of
a revolving cab
must be used
when
operating a
crane in areas
where
pedestrians or
traffic pass
close by.
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Education 9
CRANE SAFETY
 Never operate
cranes closer
than 10 feet
from power
lines. Voltages
greater than
50,000 volt
require greater
Education
distance.
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10
CRANE SAFETY

11
CRANE SAFETY
When it is
necessary
to guide a
suspended,
use tag
lines.
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Education 12
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Education 13
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Education 14
CRANE SAFETY
Don’t
distract the
crane
operator.
Only one
signalmanVIDEOCLIP

at a time.
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Education 15
CRANE SAFETY
Never ride
the load,
ball or
hook.

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Education 16
 Recommended Safe Work Practice: Affected Zone

D x 1.5

D
Be aware of existing
underground utilities
and backfill. Affected Zone (Depth x 1.5)
*Average Soil Only
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Education 17
CRANE SAFETY
 Keep out from
under
suspended
loads.
 Watch out for
materials that
could fall on
you if hit by
the moving
load.
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Education 18
CRANE SAFETY
Make sure
you provide
yourself a
way out
when
directing
load drops.
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Education 19
Load Capacity - Speed - Warnings

 Make sure the

crane operator
can see the:
– Rated Load
Capacities
– Operating
Speeds
– Special Hazard Load Rating Chart
Warning or
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Instruction Education 20
 Power Lines

Stay clear
from power
lines at least
10 feet

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Education 21
 Hand Signals

An illustration of
the signals must
be posted at the
job site

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Education 22
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Education 23
 Guard Moving Parts

Unguarded
Chain Drive

Guard moving parts such as gears or belts

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Education 24
 Swing Radius

Stay out of the swing radius of the crane –

Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius
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Education 25
 Operator Visibility
Broken Window

Make sure broken windows or other obstructions

do not prevent the operator from seeing
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Education 26
 Ladders

Ladder

Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab

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Education 27
 Guardrails

Runways and steps need to have guardrails,

handholds and slip resistant surfaces
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Education 28
Boom Angle Indicators

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Education 29
 Supporting Surface

Cranes must be on a firm supporting

surface and level within 1 percent
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Education 30
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Education 31
 Competent Person
The competent person must
inspect all machinery and
equipment prior to each
use, and during use, to
make sure it is in safe
operating condition.

If it needs fixing, take it out

of service and don’t use it Broken
until it is fixed
Track

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Education 33
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Education 34
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Education 35
Sheaves
Worn Part

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Education 37
 Tire Inspections

Conduct
regular
inspections
of tires for
excessive
wear or
damage

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Education 38
‫‪inspection‬‬

‫شهادة المعايرة ‪1-‬‬

‫شهادة المشغل ‪2-‬‬
‫فحص خارجى ‪3-‬‬
‫فحص داخلى ‪4-‬‬
‫البناء و الركائز ‪5-‬‬
‫محدد السرعة ‪6-‬‬
‫اختبار القدرة ‪7-‬‬

‫‪39‬‬
TOWER CRANES

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Education 40
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Education 41
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Education 42
 Safety Measures - Site
 Away from high voltage power lines.
 Away from excavation sites.
 Prevailing Wind-speeds.
 Away from water accumulation – water
leaking under the foundation of the
crane.
 Overlapping levels with other cranes.
To avoid collision some one (competent
person) should plan the sequence of
crane movements.
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Education 43
 Crane Safety Equipment
 Automatic Safe Load Indicator
 Load Radius Indicator
 Motion Limiting Devices
 Overload Cut-out devices
 Level Indicator
 Anemometer
 Machinery Guarding
 Zoning Devices (two or more
cranes – limit the slew, the trolley
motion, or the travel motion
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Education 44
 Crane Safety
 Lighting Protection (Earthling)
 Rail mounted tower cranes should
be fitted with an audible travel
alarm.
 Ladders – Landing (Platform)
 Access to and along jibs and
counter jibs for inspection and
servicing should be made safe.
(catwalks should be provided with
handrails)
 Clear vision from cab
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Education 45
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Education 46
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Education 47