Professional Documents
Culture Documents
History
History
National Library
National Archives
Academic Institutions
Privately owned museums and
archives
Religious congregations
Abroad
COLONIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
In 1890, Jose Rizal came out with an annotation of Antonio de Morga’s
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands), a book
originally published in 1609. He used de Morga’s book, a rare Spanish
publication that positively viewed precolonial Filipino culture, as a
retort to the arrogant Spaniards. However, cultural bias against
Filipino culture continued even after Rizal’s death and the end of
Spanish colonialism.
Spain Wickedness and American Benevolence and Filipino generations
forgot the bloody Filipino-American War as exemplified by the
Balangiga Massacre in Eastern Samar and the Battle of Bud Bagsak in
Sulu.
Consequently, such perception breathes new life to the two part view
of history: a period of darkness before the advent of the United States
and an era of enlightenment during the American colonial
administration.
PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY AFTER
WORLD WAR II
Teodoro Agoncillo pioneered nationalist historiography in
the country by highlighting the role of the Filipino
reformists and revolutionaries from 1872, the year that
saw the execution of the GomBurZa priests, to the end of
the Philippine Revolution as a focal point of the country’s
nation-building narrative. Two of his most celebrated
books focus on the impact of the Philippine Revolution:
The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the
Katipunan (1956) and Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic
(1960). His writings veered away from emphasizing
colonial period and regarded events before 1872 as part of
the country’s “lost history.”
Renato Constantino, whose published work entitled,
“The Miseducation of the Filipino” became a staple
reading for academics and activists beginning in the late
1960s. Constantino advanced the idea of a “people’s
history” – a study of the past that sought to analyze
society by searching out people’s voices from colonial
historical materials that typically rendered Filipinos as
decadent, inept and vile. Following this mode of
historical inquiry, he authored The Philippines: A Past
Revisited (1975), a college textbook that offered a more
critical reading of Philippine history compared to
Agoncillo’s History of the Filipino People (1973).
Undoubtedly, these two nationalist scholars inspired or
challenged other historians to reevaluate the country’s
national history.
The first of these scholars is Zeus Salazar who conceptualized “Pantayong
Pananaw” as an approach to understanding the past from our own cultural
frame and language. He emphasized the value of our Austronesian roots in
defining Filipino culture and encouraged other scholars to conduct outstanding
historical researches in Filipino such as the work of Jaime Veneracion’s
Kasaysayan ng Bulacan (1986).
Reynaldo Ileto who wrote about his “history from below”treatise in his
ground-breaking work, Pasyon and Revolution: Popular Movements in the
Philippines, 1840-1910 (1979). In this work, Ileto endeavored to recognize the
way of thinking of ordinary folks by using alternative historical sources such as
folk songs and prayers. His other works spurred new interpretations such as
common topics such as Jose Rizal, Philippine-American War, and American
colonization.
Samuel Tan, another prolific historian who is best remembered for
mainstreaming the role and relevance of Filipino Muslims in the country’s
national history. His definitive work, The Filipino Muslim Armed Struggle, 1900-
1972 (1978), sought to examine the struggle of Filipino Muslims in the context of
20th century nation-building dynamics during the American colonial regime and
subsequent postcolonial Filipino administrations. In his book, A History of the
Philippines (1987), Tan attempted to write a national history reflective of the
historical experiences not only of lowland Christianized Filipinos but also of the
other cultural communities in the archipelago.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE
HISTORIOGRAPHY
PoliticalNarratives
Colonial Histories in Historical Narratives
Elite-centric Perspectives in Historical
Narratives
Patriarchal Orientation in Historical
Narratives
Emphasis on Lowland Christianized
Filipinos
Project: (To be presented 3rd week of September)
Nature of History
History is both the past and the study of the past.
…visualize walking at night…
…a companion turns on a search light.
…the landscape represent the past.
…the one with the search light is the historian.