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PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT ON
WIRELESS POWER

TRANSMISSION
Submitted By: SESSION : 2 0 2 2 - 2 3 Guided By:
Name: ABHYUDAY PATEL Mrs JAYATI SINHA

Class: XII PGT (Physics)

Board Roll No:

Subject: PHYSICS

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This is to certify that the investigatory project

entitled WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION is a
bonafide work done by ABHYUDAY PATEL of class
XII Session 2022-23 in the partial fulfillment
of CBSE’s AISSCE Examinations and has been
carried out under my direct supervision and
guidance.

Mrs. Jayati Sinha

PGT Computer Science

…
…….. … … … … … …
Signature of External

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Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project

depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of
many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude
to the people who have been instrumental in thesuccessful
completion of this project.

I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant

encouragement while carrying out this project.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to The Principal, Dr.

Subhosree Sarkar who has been continuously motivating and
provided moral support during completion of project.

My sincere thanks to my teacher Mrs. Jayati Sinha, a guide,

mentor and all the above a friend who critically reviewed my
project and helped in solving each and every problem, occurred
during implementation of the project

The guidance and support received from all the members who
contributed and who are contributing to this project, was vital
for the success of the project. I am grateful fortheir constant
support and help.

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S.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE.NO

01. Introduction 04

02. Principle 05

03. Historical background 08

04. Workingand construction 09

05. Conclusion 12

06. Bibliography 13

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Wireless power transfer (WPT),wireless power

transmission, wireless energy transmission (WET),
or electromagnetic power transfer is the
transmission of electrical energy without wires as a
physical link. In a wireless power transmission
system,a transmitter device, driven by electric
power from a power source, generates a time-
varying electromagnetic field, which transmits
power across space to a receiver device, which
extracts power from the field and supplies it to an
electrical load. The technology of wireless power
transmission can eliminate the use of the wires and
batteries, thus increasing the mobility, convenience,
and safety of an electronic device for all users.
Wireless power transfer is useful to power electrical
devices where interconnecting wires are
inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.
Moreover, this method can be involved in a variety
of applications, like to charge mobile phones,
laptops wirelessly. And also this kind of charging
gives a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would
be galvanically isolated. This is an emerging
technology, and further, the distance of power
transfer can be improved as the study across the
world is still going on.

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PRINCIPLE
Wireless power transmission is based on the
principle of ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION ,
specifically Mutual Induction.

E l e c t ro m a g n e t i c I n d u c t i o n
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just
induction) is a process where a conductor
placed in a changing magnetic field (or a
conductor moving through a stationary
magnetic field) causes the production of a
voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an
electrical current .

M u t u a l In d u c t io n
When two coils are brought in proximity with each other
the magnetic field in one of the coils tend to link with
the other. This further leads to the generation of voltage
in
the second coil. This property of a coil which affects or
changes the current and voltage in a secondary coil is
called mutual inductance.
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Changing i1 produces changing magnetic flux in coil

2.In the first coil of N1 turns, when a current i1
passes through it, magnetic field B is produced. As
the two coils are closer to each other, few magnetic
field lines will also pass through coil 2.

Lenz’s Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic
flux according to Faraday’s Law,the polarity of the
induced emf is such that it produces a current whose
Magnetic field opposes the change which produces
it. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire
always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop
Constant. In the following examples if the B field is
increasing, the induced field acts in opposition to it.
If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in the
direction of the applied field to try to keep it
constant.
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Applications of electromagnetic
Induction

The princi ples of electromagnetic

induction are applied in many
devices and systems, including:

❖ Electrical generators
❖ Induction motors
❖ Induction sealing
❖ Inductive charging
❖ Transformers
❖ Wireless energy transmissi on
❖ Wireless charger

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Historical Backgrou nd
Michael Faraday is generally credited
with the discovery of induction in 1831,
and James Clerk Maxwell
mathematically described it as Faraday's
law of induction. Lenz's law describes
the direction of the induced field.
Faraday's law was later generalized to
become the Maxwell - Faraday equation,
one of the four Maxwell equations in his
theory of electromagnetism.

M ichael
Fa r a d a y James Maxwell Lenz

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Material Requirements
1) Insulated copper coil
2) battery
3) LED bulb
4) Bc547 transistor
5) Resistor 1.2k
6) Connecting wires

Wo rkin g a n d con struction

Circuit diagram-

For the transmitter, wind the wire till 17-turns,

then the loop for center tap connection and again
make 17 turns of coil. And for the receiver, make
a 34 turns of coil winding without the center
tap.Both the circuits are constructed on the
breadboard and powered using a battery.

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This wireless electricity transmission is based on

the Inductive coupling technique. The circuit
consists of two parts- Transmitter and Receiver.

In transmitter section, the Transistor is

generating high-frequency AC current across the
coil and the coil is generating a magnetic field
around it. As the coil is center tapped, the two
sides of the coil start to charge up. One side of
the coil is connected to the resistor and another
side is connected to the collector terminal of
NPN transistor. During the charging
condition, the base resistor starts to conduct
which eventually turns on the transistor. The
transistor then discharges the inductor as
the emitter is connected with the ground.
This charging and discharging of the inductor
produces a very high frequency oscillation
signal which is further transmitted as a
magnetic field.

On the receiver side, that magnetic field is

transferred into the other coil, and by the
Faraday’s law of induction, the receiver coil start
producing EMF voltage which is further used to
light up the LED. The circuit is tested on the
breadboard with a LED connected across the
receiver.

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The m odel has f oll owing advantages :

Simple design
Lower frequency operation
Low cost
Practical for short distance

Limitation of the Circuit

This circuit is not suitable to deliver high

p o w e r a n d h a s i n p u t v o l t a g e re s t r i c t i o n .
The efficiency is also very poor . Much
power gets lost.

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CONCLUSION
The Wireless Electricity Transfer concept is
not new. It was first demonstrated by Nikola
Tesla in the year 1890. Nikola Tesla
i n t ro d u c e d e l e c t ro d y n a m i c s i n d u c t i o n o r
re s o n a n t i n d u c t iv e c o u p lin g b y lig h t in g u p
t h re e l i g h t b u l b s f ro m t h e d i s t a n c e o f 6 0 f e e t
f ro m t h e p o w e r s o u rc e .

Wireless Electricity Transfer or WET is a

p ro c e s s t o s u p p l y p o w e r t h ro u g h a n a i r g a p
w it h o u t u sin g a n y w ire s o r p h y s ic a l lin k . I n
this wireless system, the transmitter device
g e n e r a t e s a t i m e - v a r y i n g o r h i g h - f re q u e n c y
electromagnetic field , which transmits
p o w e r t o re c e i v e r d e v i c e w i t h o u t a n y p h y s i c a l
c o n n e c t i o n . T h e re c e i v e r d e v i c e e x t r a c t s
p o w e r f ro m t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d a n d s u p p l i e s i t
t o e l e c t r i c a l l o a d . T h e re f o re , t o c o n v e r t t h e
electricity to an electromagnetic field, two
c o i l s a re u s e d a s t r a n s m i t t e r c o i l a n d re c e iv e r
c o il . T h e t ra n smit t e r c o il is p o w ered by
alternating current and creates a magnetic
f i e l d , w h i c h i s f u r t h e r c o n v e r t e d in t o a
u s a b le v o l t a g e a c ro s s t h e re c e i v e r c o i l .

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The list of websites and books which are referred during

the development of this project are-

WEBSITES :
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirel
ess_power_transfer

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics
/engineering/wireless-power-transfer

https://www.electronics-
tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/electro
magnetic-induction.html

BOOKS :

. N.C.E.R.T Physics part - 2 class 12

. Fundamental of physics by Resnick , Halliday
and Walker.

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