Introduction to PLC

(Programmable Logic Controller)

Hendra Catur Satria B R (2040201012)
Fajar Maulana Ibrahim (2040201119)
Yudi Prayoga (2040201145)
Yusma Aprillia Novani (2040201039)
History
• Initially machines were controlled by gears,
levers and other basic mechanical equipment.
• Machines require more sophisticated equipment
involving relays and switch control elements→
control logic for certain types of machines.
• Electromechanical control systems that use
relays have many weaknesses.
Weaknesses of the relay system
• The contacts used are easily worn out due to
heat/burning or due to short
circuitsmembutuhkan biaya yang besar saat
instalasi.
• Maintenance and modification of the system that
has been created if modifications are needed in
the future.
• etc
PLC
• PLC pertama kali dikembangkan pada tahun akhir 1960 –
akhir 1970.

• PLC is the abbreviation of Programmable Logic Controller.

• By using a PLC, difficulties in relay systems can be

overcome, because the PLC system integrates various
independent component into an integrated control system
and can easily be renovated without having to replace all
existing instruments.

• Still experiencing difficulties at the beginning of its

development due to the impractical language and untrained
users.
Basically, a PLC is a microprocessor-based
electronic device that utilizes
programmable memory to store
instructions that implement functions such
as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and
arithmetic to control machines and
processes. process in a control (controller)
using a computer and programming
language.
PLC Concept
The concept of PLC as the name suggests is as follows:
• Programmable : shows its ability to be easily changed
according to the program created and its ability in
terms of program memory that has been created.
• Logic : show its ability to process input arithmetic
(ALU), namely carrying out operations of comparing,
adding, multiplying, dividing, subtracting and
negating.
• Controller : demonstrate the ability to control and
organize processes so as to produce the desired
output.
PLC Function
The functions and uses of PLC can be said to be
almost unlimited. But in practice it can be divided
into general and specific. In general, the function
of a PLC is as follows:
• Sequential Control
The PLC processes binary signal input into
output which is used for technical processing
purposes sequentially, here the PLC ensures that
all steps in the sequential process take place in
the right order.
• Monitoring Plant
The PLC continuously monitors a system (e.g.
temperature, pressure, altitude level) and takes
necessary action regarding the controlled
process (e.g. a value has exceeded a limit) or
displays the message to the operator.
PLC vs Conventional System
• PLC can perform complec mathematical
functions including numerical analysis of
integration and differentiation.
• PLC can work in heavy industrial conditions
(high pollution, temperature 0-60°
• Other PLC advantages:
- work reliably, safely and flexibly.
- saves on the amount of wiring.
- simple programming using language and
instructions that are easy to understand.
- easy installation or installation.
Blok Diagram of Main PLC Components
 Work Principle PLC

Sumber : bahan kuliah PLC Programming Basic , 2006, MIT

• The CPU or processor unit is a unit that
contains a microprocessor that interprets
input signals and carries out control actions,
according to the program stored in memory,
then communicates the decisions it takes as
control signals to the output interface.
• Power Supply or power supply unit is needed
to convert the source AC voltage into low DC
voltage (5, 12 or 24 volts) needed by the
processor and circuits in the input and
output interface modules.
Programming Device or programming
device is a device used to edit, input,
modify and monitor programs in PLC
memory.
The parts of PD or PDT (Programming
Device Terminal) are the monitor and
keyboard.
In PLC there are 3 types of PD, namely:
- Special Purpose is a PD device similar
to a special computer used for PLC
programming.
- A keypad is equipment similar to a
calculator that is specifically used
for PLC programming.
- Personal Computer or PC is a
programming device used to control
a PLC using a personal computer.

The program created in the

Programming Device is then moved
into the PLC memory unit.
• Programming Memory or Memory Unit
is the part that functions to store
instructions, programs and data.
• An input/output module is an electronic
device or equipment that functions as an
intermediary or interface between the
CPU and external input or output
equipment. This module is installed
non-permanently or is easy to remove
and reinstall on the shelf.
Types of Input/Output Devices
Based on the working voltage used, input/output devices
can be grouped into three, namely:
- Input/output module with a supply voltage of 200 V to
400 V AC.
- Input/output module with a supply voltage of 100 V to 120
V AC.
- Input/output module with supply voltage 12 V to 120 V
AC.

The input/output voltage from the input device or output

device module can be divided into 12 V DC or 24 V DC
according to the I/O module used.
Arsitektur Internal PLC
Various Types of PLC

The smallest size Mitsubishi PLC Direct DL 105 with 18

PLC with 14 I/O I/O and capacity of 6 A per
output channel
Giddings & Lewis PIC90 with
Allen Bradley PLC 5/15 (512
128 I/O capacity and
I/O)
movement control capability
Omron C200H PLC (1392 I/O) Allen Bradley PLC 5/80
(3072 I/O)