ISLAM

ISLAM
Is an Abrahamic
monotheistic religion that
espouses that God is one
and incomparable
The purpose of man’s
existence is to worship
and serve God ( Allah)
 ISLAM
The word Islam means 'submission to the will
of God‘ ( Allah).

The second largest religion in the world

with over 1 billion followers.

Followers of Islam are called

Muslims.
Muslims believe that Islam
.
was revealed over 1400 years ago in
Mecca, Arabia.
MUSLIM
MECCA
 MECCA
Mecca (Makkah in Arabic)
is the center of the
Islamic world and the
birthplace of both the
Prophet Muhammad and
the religion (ISLAM) he
founded.
 KA’BA

The Ka’ba, The Great Mosque, Mecca

 KA’BA
The Ka’ba today stands in the
midst of an open courtyard known
as the AL-MASJID AL-HARAM, the
‘sanctuary’. The cubical (the word
Ka’ba means “cube”), flat-roofed
building rises fifty feet from a
narrow marble base on mortared
bases of a local blue-gray stone.
 PROPHETS

JESUS – Isa , MOSES – Musa

ABRAHAM - Ibrahim
They believe that the final
Prophet was Muhammad.
 MUHAMMAD
born in Mecca in Saudi Arabia
in 570.

a deeply spiritual man,

and often spent time in
meditation on Mount
Hira.
 MUHAMMAD
The traditional story of the Qur'an tells
how one night in 610 he was meditating
in a cave on the mountain when he was
visited by the angel JIBREEL who
ordered him to recite.
Once Jibreel mentioned the name of
Allah, Muhammad began to
recite words which he came to believe
were the words of God.
 MUHAMMAD
During the rest of his life
Muhammad continued to
receive these revelations. The
words were remembered and
recorded, and form the text of
the Holy Qu'ran, the Muslim
scripture.
 MUHAMMAD
Muhammad began to preach
what God had revealed to him.

Muhammad's popularity was

seen as threatening by the
people in power in Mecca, and
Muhammad took his followers
on a journey from Mecca to
Medina in 622.
 MUHAMMAD
This journey is called
the HIJRAH (migration) and
the event was seen as so
important for Islam that 622
is the year in which the
Islamic calendar begins.
HIJRAH
 MUHAMMAD

Within ten years

Muhammad had gained
so many followers that
he was able to return
and conquer Mecca.
 MUHAMMAD
From this time on he
was generally
accepted by the faithful
as the true final
Prophet of God.
.
 MUHAMMAD
Muhammad continued
to lead his community
both spiritually and in
earthly matters until
his death in 632.
ISLAM BELIEFS
•Belief in Allah as the one and only God
 6 MAIN BELIEFS
•Belief in Allah as the one and only God

1. Belief in Allah as the

one and only God

2. Belief in angels
3. Belief in the holy books
4. Belief in the Prophets...

5. Belief in the Day of

Judgement

6. Belief in Predestination.
ALLAH
•Belief in Allah as the one and only God
 ALLAH
•Belief in Allah as the one and only God

Allah is the name Muslims

use for the Supreme and
unique God, who is the
creator and the one who
punishes and rewards.
 ALLAH
•Belief in Allah as the one and only God

The heart of faith for all

Muslims is obedience to
Allah's will.
ALLAH
is eternal, omniscient,
and omnipotent...
 ALLAH
•Belief in Allah
Allah has as existed
always the oneand
and only
will Godexist.
always

Allah has always existed

and will always exist.
( ETERNAL )
Allah knows everything
that can be known.
( OMNISCIENT )
 ALLAH
•Belief in Allah
Allah has as existed
always the oneand
and only
will Godexist.
always

Allah can do anything that

can be done.
( OMNIPOTENT )
Allah has no shape or form...
Allah can't be seen.
Allah can't be heard.
Allah is neither male nor female.
 ALLAH
•Belief in Allah
Allah has as existed
always the oneand
and only
will Godexist.
always

A believer can approach

Allah by praying, and
by reciting the Qur'an.
ALLAH has no children, no
parents, and no partners.
ALLAH was not created by a
being.
 •Belief in Allah
Allah has as existed
always the oneand
and only
will Godexist.
always

SACRED
TEXT
QUR’AN
•Belief in Allah
Allah has as existed
always the oneand
and only
will Godexist.
always
 QUR’AN
•Belief in Allah
Allah has as existed
always the oneand
and only
will Godexist.
always

The Islamic sacred book, believed

to be the word of God as dictated
to Muhammad by the archangel
Gabriel and written down in Arabic.
The Koran consists of 114 units of
varying lengths, known as suras ;
the first sura is said as part of the
ritual prayer.
It consists of 114
units of varying
lengths, known
as SURAS
 SUNNAH
It is the practical
example of Prophet
Muhammad which
includes the five
basic Pillars of Islam.
SUNNAH
The five Pillars of Islam
as Jihad
1. SHAHADA: FAITH

Shahada is a declaration
of faith and trust that
professes that there is
only one God (Allah) and
that Muhammad is God's
messenger.
 2. SALAT: PRAYER
Salat (ṣalāh) is the Islamic
prayer consisting of five daily prayers
according to the Sunna;

THE PRAYER OF TIMES

1. FAJR (DAWN)
2. DHUHR (NOON),
3. ASR (AFTERNOON),
4. MAGHRIB (EVENING), AND
5. ISHĀ (NIGHT).
1.THE FAJR PRAYER is
performed before sunrise,
2.DHUHR is performed in the
midday after the sun has
surpassed its highest point,
3.ASR is the evening prayer
before sunset,
4.MAGHRIB is the evening
prayer after sunset
5.ISHA is the night prayer
3. SAUM ( FASTING)

A MUSLIM FASTING
PRESCRIBED ONLY
FOR HEALTHY ADULT
MUSLIMS DURING 30
DAYSOF RAMADAN
 NO FOOD, DRINK OR SEXUAL
RELATIONS ARE ALLOWED
DURING RAMADAN FROM DAWN
TO DUSK

EXCEPT THE SICK

INDIVIDUALS AND NURSING
WOMEN
 ZAKAT

REFERS TO ALMS TAX

COLLECTED ANNUALY ON THE
CROPS, LIVESTOCKS,
PRECIOUS METALS AND CASH
OF MUSLIMS LIVING ABOVE
SUBSISTENCE.
 HAJJ

IT IS THE GREATER OF THE

TWO PILGRIMAGES TO MECCA
REQUIRED OF ALL MUSLIMS.
THE OTHER ONE IS THE UMRA
MUSLIM HOLYDAYS
2 Festivals set down in
Islamic law:
EID UL FITR and EID UL
ADHA (Eid or Id is a
word meaning festival).
MUSLIM HOLYDAYS

2 Festivals set down in

Islamic law:
EID UL FITR and EID UL
ADHA (Eid or Id is a
word meaning festival).
 EID UL FITR

It is an important religious
holiday celebrated by
Muslims worldwide
. that
marks the end of
Ramadan, the Islamic holy
month of fasting (saum).
 EID UL ADHA
• is an Islamic festival to
commemorate the willingness
of IBRAHIM (also known as
. Allah's
Abraham) to follow
(God's) command to sacrifice
his son Ishmael.
Islam's holiest festival celebrated
annually around the world .
 RAMADAN
Ramadan is the ninth
month of the
•. Islamic
calendar, when
Muslims fast during
daylight hours.
RAMADAN

•.
SEVERAL REASONS WHY RAMADAN IS
CONSIDERED IMPORTANT

1. The Qur'an was first revealed

•.
during this month

2. The gates of Heaven are open

3. The gates of Hell are closed and

the devils are chained up in Hell
 HOW LONG IS RAMADAN FAST?

The month of fasting will end on either

Friday 17 July or Saturday
•. 18 July, as
there are either 29 or 30 days in a lunar
month. As Ramadan begins about 11
days earlier each year, it sometimes
falls in winter months when the fasts
are short, and in summer months when
the fasts are long.
 WHAT TO EAT DURING RAMADAN?

TWO MAIN MEALS

1. SUHOOR
2. IFTAR. •.
1. SUHOOR is served before dawn and
it should be a hearty, healthy meal to
provide needed energy throughout a
day of fasting — it ends when the
sun rises
2. IFTAR is served after sunset. When
morning prayer begins.
 GOOD REASONS WHY A MUSLIM FAST

1. Obeying God
2. Learning self-discipline
3. Becoming spiritually stronger
4. .
Appreciating God's •gifts to us
5. Sharing the sufferings of the poor and
developing sympathy for them
6. Realizing the value of charity and
generosity
7. Giving thanks for the Holy Qur'an, which
was first revealed in the month of
Ramadan
8. Sharing fellowship with other Muslims
JIHAD

.
 Jihad

Muslims use the word

JIHAD to describe
three different
. kinds of
struggle.
 Jihad
1. A believer's
internal struggle to
live out the
. Muslim
faith as well as
possible.
2. The struggle to build
a good Muslim
society

3. HOLY WAR:
the struggle to
defend Islam, with
force if necessary
 BUT…

The INTERNAL JIHAD

is the one that Prophet
Muhammad is said to
have called
the GREATER JIHAD.
 INTERNAL/GREATER JIHAD

1. LEARNING THE QUR'AN BY HEART, OR ENGAGE

IN
OTHER RELIGIOUS STUDY.
2. OVERCOMING THINGS SUCH AS ANGER, GREED,
HATRED, PRIDE, OR MALICE.
3. GIVING UP SMOKING.
4. CLEANING THE FLOOR OF THE MOSQUE.
5. TAKING PART IN MUSLIM COMMUNITY
ACTIVITIES.
6. WORKING FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE.
7. FORGIVING SOMEONE WHO HAS HURT THEM.
 ‘
HOLY WAR
1. When Muslims, or their faith or
territory are under attack, Islam
permits (some say directs) the
believer to wage military war to
protect them.

2. However Islamic (shariah) law sets

very strict rules for the conduct of
such a war.
 ‘
HOLY WAR
 A MILITARY JIHAD HAS RULES TO OBEY

1. The opponent must always have started

the fighting.
2. It must not be fought to gain territory.
3. It must be launched by a religious leader.
4. It must be fought to bring about good that
something that Allah will approve of.
5. Every other way of solving the problem
must be tried before resorting to war.
6. Innocent people should not be killed.
 A MILITARY JIHAD HAS RULES TO OBEY

7. Women, children, or old people should not

be killed or hurt.
8. Women must not be raped.
9. Enemies must be treated with justice.
10. Wounded enemy soldiers must be treated in
exactly the same way as one's own soldiers.
11. The war must stop as soon as the enemy asks for
peace.
12. Property must not be damaged.
13. Poisoning wells is forbidden. The modern analogy
would be chemical or biological warfare.
 PERMISSABLE REASONS
FOR MILITARY JIHAD
1. SELF-DEFENCE
2. STRENGTHENING ISLAM
3. PROTECTING THE FREEDOM OF MUSLIMS
TO PRACTICE THEIR FAITH
4. PROTECTING MUSLIMS AGAINST
OPPRESSION, WHICH COULD INCLUDE
OVERTHROWING A TYRANNICAL RULER
5. PUNISHING AN ENEMY WHO BREAKS AN
OATH
6. PUTTING RIGHT A WRONG
 A WAR IS NOT A JIHAD
IF THE INTENTION IS TO:

1. FORCE PEOPLE TO CONVERT TO

ISLAM
2.CONQUER OTHER NATIONS TO
COLONIZE THEM
3.TAKE TERRITORY FOR ECONOMIC
GAIN
4. SETTLE DISPUTES
DEMONSTRATE A LEADER'S POWER
 POLYGYNY IN ISLAM

Muslim men are allowed to

practice POLYGYNY, that is, they
can have more than one wife at the
same time, up to a total of
four. POLYANDRY, the practice of a
woman having more than one
husband, by contrast, is not
permitted.
POLYGYNY IN ISLAM