Design of

Transformer
Foundation
Er.J SURESHKRISHNAN BE,DFS
 Design of 100MVA, Transformer Foundation & Soak Pit
I Design loadings / parameters :- Ref. Drg. = 4982/CD-01, 4982/CD-02
Make = GE-PROLEC
a Max. weight of Transformer kg = 143700
Eccentricity in Y - Direction m m =
0.040 (dir. || to HV/IV axis)
Eccentricity in X - Direction =
0.000 (dir. _|_ to HV/IV axis)
b Vertical load on each Jack Pad kg = 42500 (Max)
No of Jack Pad 4
=
c Total vertical load to be considered for
design of bottom pad kg = 143700
d C/C of roller in Y -Dir'n m = 1.73 (dir. || to HV/IV axis) (1676 Rail gauge)
C/C of roller in X -Dir'n m =
1.73 (dir. _|_ to HV/IV axis)
e Overall length of Transformer (L0) m = 12.4 (with Fitttings and radiator bank)
Overall width of Transformer (B0) m = 3.5 (with Fitttings and radiator bank)
Height of Transformer upto bushing m = 8.3
f Length of Main Tank (L) m = 6.27 (Approx.) (Along X direction)
Width of Main Tank (B) m = 3.43 (Approx.) (Along Y direction)
Height of Main Tank m = 4.30
Height of main tank from FGL m = 0.36
g X direction
Length of enclosed HV bu (L) m = 2.67
Height of enclosed HV bushing m = 2.00
Number of HV enclosed bushings Nos. = 1
Y direction
Height of HV bushing m = 2.00
Length of HV bushing m = 0.95
Number of HV enclosed bushings Nos. = 3
h X direction
Length of enclosed IV bu (L) m = 2.36
Height of enclosed IV bushing m = 1.485
Number of IV enclosed bushings Nos. = 1
Y direction
Height of enclosed IV bushing m = 1.485
Length of enclosed IV bushing m = 0.600
Number of IV enclosed bushings Nos. = 3
i Y direction- LV Bushing
Length of LV bushing m = 0.71
Dia of LV bushing m = 0.12
Number of LV bushings Nos. = 1
Height of of LV bushings from PL m = 3.40
j Length of Conservator tank m = 3.50
Diameter of Conservator tank m = 1.20
Height of centre of Conservator from PL m = 6.37 =6.970-(1.200/2)
k Length of Radiator m = 3.15 (Approx.) (Along Y direction)
Width of Radiator m = 1.365 (Approx.) (Along X direction)
Height of Radiator m = 2.50 (Approx.)
Total no. of Radiators (For Y direction
wind) Nos. = 2 Set
 Total no. of Radiators
(For X direction wind) Nos. = 1 Set
Height of centre of Radiator from PL = 2.87 (Approx.)

II Calculation of shear & moments due to wind on Trafo at PL :

( Y- dir = dir. _|_ to withdrawl direction, X-dir = dir. || to withdrawl direction)
Wind press. solid members kg/m² = 312 (Refer Annexure - 1)
Wind press. on bushing/ insulator kg/m² = 187

Wind press. on cylindrical structures kg/m² = 187

Hence diagonal wind pressure on Trafo kg/m² = 312 x Cos(45) =

221 Hence diag. wind pres. on bushing kg/m² = 187 x Cos(45)
= 133
Hence diag. wind pres. on cylind strs. kg/m² = 187 x Cos(45) = 133
Case 1 : Wind acting along Y direction
a. Y - Dir. Loads :
i Wind load on Main Tank kg = 6.27 x 4.30 x 312
= 8412
iii Wind on enclosed HV bushing kg = 3 x 2 x 0.95 x 312
= 1779
v Wind on enclosed IV bushing kg = 3 x 1.485 x 0.6 x 312
= 834
vi Wind on LV bushing kg = 1 x 0.71 x 0.12 x 187
= 16
vii Wind on Conservator kg = x 1.2 ^2 x 187
= 211
viii Wind on Radiator kg = 2 x 1.365 x 2.5 x 312
= 2130
Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 8412 + 1779 + 834 + 16
+ 211 + 2130
= 13382
b. X - Dir. Loads :
Wind load in X -dir kg = 0
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 0
c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
i Due to wind on Main tank kgm = 8412 x (( 4.3 )/ 2 + 0.36 )
= 21114
iii Due to wind on enclosed HV bushing kgm = 1779 x (( 2 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36 )
= 10069
v Due to wind on enclosed IV bushing kgm = 834 x( 1.485 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36 )
= 4506
vi Due to wind on LV bushing kgm = 16 x 3.4
= 55
vii Due to wind on Conservator kgm = 211 x 6.37
= 1345
viii Due to wind on Radiator kgm = 2130 x 2.87
= 6114
Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 21114 + 10069 + 4506 + 55
+ 1345 + 6114
= 43203
d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:
Due to wind in X - dir kgm = 0
Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 0

Case 2 : Wind acting along X direction

a. Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind load in Y -dir kg = 0
Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 0
b. X - Dir. Loads :
i Wind load on Main Tank kg = 3.43 x 4.30 x 312
= 4602
iii Wind on enclosed HV bushing kg = 1 x 2.67 x 2 x 312
= 1667
v Wind on enclosed IV bushing kg = 1 x 2.36 x 1.485 x 312
= 1094
vi Wind on Conservator kg = 3.5 x 1.2 x 187
= 786
vii Wind on Radiator kg = 1 x 3.15 x 2.5 x 312
= 2457
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 4602 + 1667 + 1094 + 786
+ 2457
= 10606

c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind in Y - dir kgm = 0
Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 0
Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:
i Due to wind on Main tank kgm = 4602 x ( ( 4.3 / 2 )+ 0.36 )
= 11551
iii Due to wind on enclosed HV bushing kgm = 1667 x ( ( 2 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36 )
9435
v Due to wind on enclosed IV bushing kgm = 1094 x( 1.485 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36 )
5910
vi Due to wind on Conservator kgm = 786 x 6.37
= 5007
vii Due to wind on Radiator kgm = 2457 x 2.87
= 7052
Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 11551 + 9435 + 5910 + 5007
+ 7052
= 38955
Case 3 : Wind acting diagonal to the Trafo
a. Y - Dir. Loads :
i Wind load on Main Tank kg = 6.27 x 4.3 x 221
= 5959
iii Wind on enclosed HV bushing kg = 3 x 2 x 0.95 x 221
= 1260
v Wind on enclosed IV bushing kg = 3 x 1.485 x 0.6 x 221
= 591
vi Wind on LV bushing kg = 1 x 0.71 x 0.12 x 133
= 12
vii Wind on Conservator kg = x 1.2 ^2 x 133
= 150
viii Wind on Radiator kg = 2 x 1.365 x 2.5 x 221
= 1509
Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 5959 + 1260 + 591 + 12
 + 150 + 1509
= 9481
b. X - Dir. Loads :
i Wind load on Main Tank kg = 3.43 x 4.30 x 221
= 3260
iii Wind on enclosed HV bushing kg = 1 x 2.67 x 2 x 221
= 1181
v Wind on enclosed IV bushing kg = 1 x 2.36 x 1.485 x 221
= 775
vi Wind on Conservator kg = 3.5 x 1.2 x 133
= 559
vii Wind on Radiator kg = 1 x 3.15 x 2.5 x 221
= 1741
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 3260 + 1181 + 775 + 559
+ 1741
= 7516
c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
i Due to wind on Main tank kgm = 5959 x (( 4.3 )/ 2 + 0.36 )
= 14957
iii Due to wind on enclosed HV bushing kgm = 1260 x (( 2 / 2 ) + 4.3 + 0.36 )
7132
v Due to wind on enclosed IV bushing kgm = 591 x( 1.485 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36 )
3193
vi Due to wind on LV bushing kgm = 12 x 3.4
= 41
vii Due to wind on Conservator kgm = 150 x 6.37
= 956
viii Due to wind on Radiator kgm = 1509 x 2.87
= 4331
Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 14957 + 7132 + 3193 + 41
+ 956 + 4331
= 30610
Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:
i Due to wind on Main tank kgm = 3260 x ( ( 4.3 / 2 )+ 0.36 )
= 8183
iii Due to wind on enclosed HV bushing kgm = 1181 x(( 2 / 2 ) + 4.3 + 0.36 )
6684
v Due to wind on enclosed IV bushing kgm = 775 x( 1.485 / 2 ) + 4.3 + 0.36 )
4187
vi Due to wind on Conservator kgm = 559 x 6.37
= 3561
vii Due to wind on Radiator kgm = 1741 x 2.87
= 4997
Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 8183 + 6684 + 4187 + 3561
+ 4997
= 27612
Loads due to wind & Trafo wt.
Y-Dir wind X-Dir wind Diagonal wind
Shear at PL in X-Dir'n kg 0 10606 7 516
Shear at PL in Y-Dir'n kg 13382 0 9 481
Moment at PL in X-Dir'n due to wind kg-m 0 38955 27612
Moment at PL in Y-Dir'n due to wind kg-m 43203 0 30610
Vertical load at PL kg 14 3700 143 700 14 3700
D Seismic Loads :
Seismic Loads shall be claculated as per IS1893-2002 .
Location of S/S = Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Height of conservator tank top from GL = 6.97
Time period (T) (Cl. 7.6.1 of IS:1893) = 0.075 h0.75
0.75
= 0.075 x 6.970
= 0.322 Sec
For hard rock, as per Fig-2 of IS:1893 & for damping= 5 %
Spectral acceleration = 2.500
Zone factor, Zone - III, Table-2 of IS 1893, Z = 0.160
Importance factor, I = 1.5
Response reduction factor, R = 5
Design horizontal acceleration coefficient, Ah = (Z I /2R) x Sa/g
=0.06
Mass of the Trafo at C.G. = 143.7 Tons
Horizontal load due to seismic effect Vb = Ah * W
(either in X or Y dir.) 0.060 x 143.7
=8.62 Tons (Total resultant)
Total moment at PL kgm = 8620 x 1.96 (Ht. of CG of Trafo.from PL)
(either in X or Y dir.) = 16895 kgm

(Load case : Seismic acting diagonal to the Trafo)

a Shear = 8620 x cos( 45 )
(either in X or Y dir.) = 6095
b Moment kgm 6095 1.96
(either in X or Y dir.)
Summary of Loads : Due to Wind and Seismic Loads= x
Description Case 1 Case11946
= 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6
Wind in Wind in Diagona Diagonal
Y-dir X-dir l wind Seismic-Y Seismic-X Seismic
Vertical load kg = 143700 143700 143700 143700 143700 143700
Moment in X - direction kgm = 0 38955 27612 0 16895 11946
Moment in Y - direction kgm = 43203 0 30610 16895 0 11946
Shear in X - direction kg = 0 10606 7516 0 8620 6095
Shear in Y - direction kg = 13382 0 9481 8620 0 6095

Moments due to eccentricity of loads

Moment in Y- dir'n due to eccentricity kgm= 143700 x 0.040
of load = 5748
Moment in X- dir'n due to eccentricity kgm = 143700 x 0.000
of load = 0
Total Design Loads :
Description Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6
Wind in Wind in Diagona Diagonal
Y-dir X-dir l wind Seismic-Y Seismic-X Seismic
Vertical load kg = 143700 143700 143700 143700 143700 143700
Moment in X - direction kgm = 0 38955 27612 0 16895 11946
Moment in Y - direction kgm = 48951 5748 36358 22643 5748 17694
Shear in X - direction kg = 0 10606 7516 0 8620 6095
Shear in Y - direction kg = 13382 0 9481 8620 0 6095
IV Trafo oil soak pit

IV SIDE

14

6.300
Transformer ma in block 3.1

3.9
4.9 9.1

HV SIDE y

Calculation for Depth of soak pit required :

1 Area of soak pit Length xwidth
sqm = x 6.300
14.000
Total area =
sqm 88.2
2 Deductions: x 3.100 x1 =
Pedestal block area =
sqm 3.900 12.1
Radiator frame support (A) sqm = x 0.600 x 6 = 2.16
0.600
Cooler pipe support '(C) sqm = x 0.450 x 4 = 0.54
0.300
H.V. Cable box support sqm = x 0.600 x 3 = 1.8
1.000
I.V. Cable box support sqm = x 1.060 x 3 = 1.91
0.600
Total = 18.5
3 Total deduction in area sqm=
Capacity of soak pit below each Trafo have been considered as 33 % of total oil volume of respective Trafo.
18.5
Soak pit capacity required cum = 33% of Total volume of oil
4(for
Netthe
area
soak pit directly below the Trafo) sqm = 0.33 x - 18.5
55.1
88.2
= 18.183
=
Average depth below FGL m =
69.7 0.55
Depth of soak pit above
5 Total volume of Oil FGL (i.e. FGL to PL - free space)
litres = m 55100 = 0.15 ( = 0.2 - 0.05m of free space)
Total Depth cumm == 0.55 + 0.15 = 0.7
Total gross volume of soak pit cum 55.1
= 69.7 x 0.7
= 48.79
Net volume available for oil cum = 69.7 x 0.7 x 0.4
(Volume considering full gravel filling (void ratio of 40% for gravel))
= 19.52 > 18.183 (Reqd.) Hence safe
Provide soak pit with a starting depth of 0.5 m below FGL & max. depth of 0.6m below FGL.
The ht. of side wall shall be 0.2m above FGL & Gravel to be filled in the soak pit upto a height of 0.15m above FGL. Max.
soak pit depth = 0.65 m below FGL (for design)
V Design of side wall of soak pit: `
The soakpit sidewall is designed for maximum depth of 650mm from FGL
Thickness of side wall = 150 mm
Height of side wall (below FGL) = 650 mm
Dia. of reinforcement bar = 8 mm
Effective depth = 150 - 40 - 4
= 106 mm
Design calculations :
Length of wall considered = 1m
Case 1 : Considering earth pressure & surcharge from outside of wall :
a Moment due to surcharge pressure at FGL
Angle of friction ø = 34 deg.
Unit wieght of soil kg/m² = 1030
Depth of foundation h m = 1
Surcharge pressure q kg/m² = 2000
Coeff. of active earth pr. = 1 - sin ( 34 )
1 + sin ( 34 )
= 0.283
Surcharge pressure = 2000 kg/m²
Horizontal pressure on wall due to surcharge = 2000 x 0.283
= 566 kg/m²
Moment on side wall / 1.00 m length = 566 x 1 x 0.65 ² / 2
= 119.6 kgm
b. Pressure at base due to earth pressure = 0.283 x 1030 x 0.65
( ka x density x ht.) = 189 kg/m²
Moment due to earth pressure = 189 x 0.65 2/6x 1
= 13 kgm
Total moment at base of = 119.6 + 13
= 132.6 kgm
Case 2 : Considering full oil inside wall :
a. Pressure at base due to = 900 x 0.65
( Unit wt. assumed ) = 585 kg/m²
Hence design moment at base of wall = 585 x 0.65 2/6x 1
( due to max of above pressures ) = 41.19 kgm
Hence, design moment at base of wall = 132.6 kgm (Max of above)
i) Main reinforcement :
Mu / bd² = 1.5 x 132.6 9.81 x
1000 x x 1000
2
106
= 0.174 N/mm²
From Table 4, SP 16 = 0.070
Percentage of steel requi pt = 0.12 (pt min.)
Area of steel required = 0.12 x 15
= 1.8 cm²
Outer face :
Therefore provide 8 dia bars a 200 mm C/C as main reinforcement.
Area of steel provided = 2.51 cm² > 1.80 Hence Safe
cm²
Max. allowable Spacing of reinforcement bar = 3 x 150 450 mm

> 200 mm Hence Safe

ii) Distribution steel : - Horizontal reinforcement
Min. area of steel required = 0.2 x 15 3 cm²
(total of both sides) = 200 mm C/C as distribution reinforcement.
Therefore provide 8 dia bars a 5.02 cm² > 3 cm² Hence
Area of steel = Safe
provided
 DESIGN OF MAIN BLOCK
III Design of foundation
C/C of roller in Y -Dir'n m = 1.73
C/C of roller in X -Dir'n m = 1.73
a Foundation dimensions
( Y- dir =perpendicular to Withdrawal dir., X-dir = along withdrawal dir.)
Pedestal block size (Y x X) m = 3.100 x 3.900

No. of pedestal block = 1

Pad size in X - direction (B) m = 3.900 ( 3.9 + 0 x 2 )
Pad size in Y - direction (L) m = 3.100 ( 3.1 + 0 x 2 )
Pad thickness m = 1.1
Depth of foundation from FGL m = 1.5
Plinth level m = 0.6

b Design parameters :
Depth of water table m Not Encountered
=
1 Density of soil kg/cum = 1030
2 Gross SBC of soil at 1.5m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000 = 10000

3 Gross SBC of soil at 1.5m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000x 1.25 + 0 0
(Increasing allowable SBC by 25% for wind & = 12500 ( for wind & seismic condition)
x
seismic conditions in line with cl. 15.1, IS1904 - 1986 )

4 Gross SBC of soil at 1m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000

( for soak pit wall )

5 Density of concrete kg/cum = 2500

6 Grade of concrete = M30
7 Reinforcement bar yield stress N/mm² = 500
8 FOS against overturning & sliding = 2.2
9 Limit state method - overload factor = 1.5
for strength design
10 Design of pedestal block

Least lateral dimension of pedestal block m = 3.1

Height of pedestal m = 2.1
Effective height of pedestal m = 2.1 x 2
= 4.2

Height / Least lateral dimension = 4.2 / 3.1 = 1.35 < 3

Hence it is treated as a pedestal as per IS : 456, Cl.26.5.3.1(h)

Max. vertical load on one pedestal Self kg = 143700
weight of pedestal kg = 3.900 x 3.100 x 2.1 x 2500
= 63473
Load on pedestal due to Moment Mx kg = 27612
1x 1.73
= 15961

Load on pedestal due to Moment My kg = 36358

1x 1.73
= 21016

Total vertical load kg = 143700 + 63473 + 15961 + 21016

244150

Check for tension : kg = 143700 + 63473 - 15961 - 21016

= 170196 (compression)
Hence, there is no tension in the pedestal

Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for column

Concrete area req'd to resist cm² = 244150 x 9.81
direct vertical load 0.45 x 30 100
x
= 1775
Min Ast required mm² = 0.8% of the concrete area 1420
=
Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for pedestal
Min Ast required mm² = 0.15%

= 0.15 x 3100 x 3900

100
= 1813
5
Vertical reinforcement required 16 mm dia bars
92
Ast provided mm²= nos. 185 > Hence safe
provide vertical reinforcement of 16 of
dia @
181.35
150 mm C/C all round the pedestal
provide 27 nos of bars in each face in X - Direction and 21 nos of bars in each face in Y - Direction in the pedestal
 Lateral ties - For each Transformer pedestal : Considering 8mm dia lateral ties , maximum spacing
of ties allowed as per Cl.26.5.3.2 of IS : 456-2000, Pitch of lateral ties is the least of the following :
i.Least lateral dimension of the column mm = 3100
ii.16 times the dia of main bar mm = 16 x
16 = 256
iii.48 times the dia of transverse reinforcement mm = 48 x
8 = 384
Therefore provide 8 RTS ties at 200 mm c/c
The Main trafo pedestal & pad shall be extended on one side upto the edge of soak pit wall to facilitate trafo entry/withdraw
b. Provide a horizontal reinforcement mesh layer just below the rail bottom level and also at top just below top of concrete level
as follows :

Diameter of reinforcement steel mm = 12

Spacing of reinforcement mm = 200 bothways

Length Hence, No. of bars provided along Y-dirn. nos =( 3100 / 200 )-1= 15 of
3900 mm Hence, No. of bars provided along X-dirn. nos =( 3900 / 200 )-1=
19 of 3100 mm

Total length of reinforcement steel m = 15 x

3.9 + 19 x 3.1 for one layer = 117.4

Total weight of reinforcement steel kg = 117.4 x 0.89 for

one layer = 104
Check for Mass of reinforcement in Pedestal for block foundation :
a) Mass of main reinforcement
Length of main reinforcement m = 2.1 + 0.8 = 2.9
Number of rods. Nos. = 92
Mass of bar per 'm' kg/m = 1.579
Total mass of main reinft. kg = 2.9 x 92 x 1.579
= 421.28
b) Mass of Stirrups
Length of stirrups m = 2x ( 3.100 - 0.05 x2+
3.900 - 0.05 x 2)
= 13.6
Number of rods. Nos. = 2.1 / 0.2
= 11
Mass of bar per 'm' kg/m = 0.395
Total mass of stirrups kg = 13.6 x 11 x 0.395
= 59.1
b. Total mass of reinforcement kg = 421.28 + 59.1 + 104
x 2
= 688.38
Total concrete volume of pedestal Cum = 3.900 x 3.100 x 2.100
= 25.389

Reinforcement provided / volume kg/m3 = 688.38 / 25.389

= 28 > 25
Reinforcement reqd. as per IS:2974 is 25 kg/m3 Hence Safe
 Design of Foundation for Radiator (For 1.5m founding depth)
I a Max. weight
kg = 3500 (per pedestal)
No of supports Nos. = 1
Total weight kg = 3500
b Length of Conservator tank m = 3.5
Diameter of Conservator tank m = 1.2
Height of centre of Conservator from PL = 6.37 (Approx.)
c Length of Radiator m = 3.15 (Approx.) (Along X direction)
Widht of Radiator m = 1.365 (Approx.) (Along Y direction)
Height of Radiator m Nos. = 2.50 (Approx.)
Total no. of Radiators in Y direction Total no. Nos. = 2 Set
of Radiators in X direction Height of centre of = 1 Set
Radiator from PL = 2.87 (Approx.)
II Calculation of shear & moments due to wind on Radiator support at PL :

( Y- dir = dir. _|_ to withdrawl direction, X-dir = dir. || to withdrawl direction)

Wind press. solid members kg/m² = 312
Wind press. on conservator kg/m² = 187
Hence diagonal wind pressure on radiator kg/m² = 312 x Cos( = 221
45)
Hence diag. wind pres. on conservator kg/m² = 187 x Cos(45) =

133
Case 1 : Wind acting along Y direction
a. Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind on Radiator kg = 2x 1.365 x 2.5 x 312 / 6
= 355
Wind on Conservator kg = x 1.2 ^2 x 187 / 6
= 35

Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 390

b. X - Dir. Loads :
Wind load in X -dir kg = 0

Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 0

c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind on Radiator kgm = 355 x 2.87
= 1019

Due to wind on Conservator kgm = 35 x 6.37

= 223

Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 1242

d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:

Due to wind in X - dir kgm = 0

Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 0

 Case 2 : Wind acting along X direction
a. Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind load in Y -dir kg = 0

Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 0

b. X - Dir. Loads :
Wind on Radiator kg = 1 x 3.15 x 2.5 x 312 /6
= 410

Wind on Conservator kg = 3.5 x 1.2 x 187 /6

= 131

Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 541

c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind in Y - dir kgm = 0

Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 0

d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:
Due to wind on Radiator kgm = 410 x 2.87
= 1177

Due to wind on Conservator kgm = 131 x 6.37

= 835
Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 2012

Case 3 : Wind acting diagonal to the Reactor

a. Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind on Radiator kg = 2 x 1.365 x 2.5 x 221 /6
= 252
Wind on Conservator kg = x 1.2 ^2 x 133 / 6
= 25

Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 277

b. X - Dir. Loads :
Wind on Radiator kg = 1 x 3.15 x 2.5 x 221 /6
= 291
Wind on Conservator kg = 3.5 x 1.2 x 133 /6
= 94

Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 385

c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind on Radiator kgm = 252 x 2.87
= 724
Due to wind on Conservator kgm = 25 x 6.37
= 160

Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 884

d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:

Due to wind on Radiator kgm= 291 x 2.87
= 835

Due to wind on Conservator kgm = 94 x 6.37

= 599

Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 1434

b Design parameters :
Depth of water table m = Not Encountered

1 Density of soil kg/cum = 1030

2 Gross SBC of soil at 1.5m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000 + 0 x 0= 10000

3 Gross SBC of soil at 1.5m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000 x 1.25 + 0 x 0
(Increasing allowable SBC by 25% for wind & = 12500 ( for wind & seismic condition)
seismic conditions in line with cl. 15.1, IS1904 - 1986 )

4 Density of concrete kg/cum = 2500

5 Grade of concrete = M30

6 Reinforcement bar yield stress N/mm² = 500

7 FOS against overturning & sliding = 2.2

8 Limit state method - overload factor for strength design 1.5

Foundation Design loads (including eccentricity of loads)

Y-Dir wind X-Dir wind Diagonal wind
Shear at PL in X-Dir'n kg = 0 541 385
Shear at PL in Y-Dir'n kg = 390 0 277
Moment at PL in X-Dir'n due to wind kg-m = 0 2012 1434
Moment at PL in Y-Dir'n due to wind kg-m = 1242 0 884
Vertical load at PL kg = 3500 3500 3500
 Design of Pedestal for Radiator A Frame (2.0m deep below FGL and 0.6m Plinth level)

d Grade of concrete = M30

Grade of steel = 500
No. of pedestal block Nos. = 1
Pedestal size in X-direction m = 0.600
Pedestal size in Y-direction m = 0.600
Pad thickness m = 0.35
Depth of foundation from FGL m = 2
Plinth level m = 0.6

1 Design of pedestal
Least lateral dimension of pedestal block m = 0.600
Height of pedestal m = 2.25
Effective Height = 2.25 x 2 = 7.5 > 3
Least lateral dimension 0.6
Hence the pedestal shall be designed as a column
Max. vertical load on one pedestal kg = 3500
Self weight of pedestal kg = 0.600 x 0.600 x 2.25 x 2500
= 2025
Total vertical load kg = 3500 + 2025
5525
Ultimate compressive load on N = 1.5 x 5525 x 9.81
pedestal , Pu = 81300
Accidental eccentrcity m = 2.25 / 500 +
0.600 /30
(As per clause 25.4, IS 456:2000) = 0.0245
Minimum eccentrcity m = 0.02
Design eccentricity = 0.0245
Max. moment at base of pedestal kgm = 5525 x 0.0245
= 135.3625
Factored moment Nmm = 1.5 x 135.3625 x 9.81 x 1000
= 1991
b mm = 600
D mm = 600
d' (assuming 12mm rods and 40mm cover) mm = 46
d'/D = 0.077 say 0.1
Pu/fck bD = 81300 /( 30 x 600 x
600 )
= 0.008
Mu/fck bD² = 1991 /( 30 x 600 x
600 ²) x 1000
= 0.0003
From chart 48 of SP-16 p/fck = 0.005
Percentage of reinforcement p = 0.005 x 30 = 0.15
Area of steel required mm² = 0.15 x 600 x 600
100
= 540
 Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for column
Concrete area req'd to resist cm² = 5525 x 9.81
direct vertical load 0.45 x 30 x 100
= 41

Min Ast required mm² = 0.8% of the concrete area 32.8

=
Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for pedestal
Min Ast required mm² = 0.15%
= 600 x 600
100
0.15
= 540
x
Ast provided mm² = 905 > 540 Hence safe

Provide vertical reinforcement 8 nos. of 12

dia. bars
Lateral ties - For each pedestal
Considering 8mm dia lateral ties , maximum spacing of ties allowed as per Cl.26.5.3.2 of IS : 456-2000
Pitch of lateral ties is the least of the following :
i. Least lateral dimension of the column mm = 600

ii. 16 times the dia of main bar mm = 16 x 12 = 192

iii. 48 times the dia of transverse reinforcement mm = 48 x 8 = 384

Therefore provide 8 RTS ties 190 mm c/c

at
 Design of Pedestal for Cooler bank (2.0m deep below FGL and 0.6m Plinth level)
I a Max. weight kg = 1000 (per pedestal)
No of supports Nos. = 1
Total weight kg = 1000

d Grade of concrete Grade of steel = M30 500

=
No. of pedestal block Nos. = 1
Pedestal size in X-direction m = 0.300
Pedestal size in Y-direction m = 0.450
Pad thickness m = 0.35
Depth of foundation from FGL m = 2
Plinth level m = 0.6

1 Design of pedestal
Least lateral dimension of pedestal block m = 0.300
Height of pedestal m = 2.25
Effective Height = 2.25 x 2 = 15 > 3
Least lateral dimension 0.3
Hence the pedestal shall be designed as a column
Max. vertical load on one pedestal kg = 1000
Self weight of pedestal kg = 0.300 x 0.450 x 2.25 x 2500
= 760
Total vertical load kg = 1000 + 760
1760
Ultimate compressive load on N = 1.5 x 1760 x 9.81
pedestal , Pu = 25898
Accidental eccentrcity m = 2.25 / 500 +
0.450 /30
(As per clause 25.4, IS 456:2000) = 0.0195
Minimum eccentrcity m = 0.02
Design eccentricity = 0.02
Max. moment at base of pedestal kgm = 1760 x 0.0200
= 35.2
Factored moment Nmm = 1.5 x 35.2 x 9.81 x 1000
= 517
b mm = 300
D mm = 450
d' (assuming 12mm rods and 40mm cover) mm = 46
d'/D = 0.102 say 0.1
Pu/fck bD = 25898 /( 30 x 300 x
450 )
= 0.006
Mu/fck bD² = 517 /( 30 x 300 x
450 ²) x 1000
= 0.0003
 From chart 48 of SP-16 p/fck = 0.005
Percentage of reinforcement p = 0.005 x 30 = 0.15
Area of steel required mm² = 0.15 x 300 x 450
100
= 202.5
Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for column
Concrete area req'd to resist cm² = 1760 x 9.81
direct vertical load 0.45 x 30 x 100
= 13

Min Ast required mm² = 0.8% of the concrete area 10.4

=
Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for pedestal
Min Ast required mm² = 0.15%
= 300 x 450
100
0.15
= 202.
x 5
Ast provided mm² = 679 > 202.5 Hence safe

Provide vertical reinforcement 6 nos. of 12

dia. bars

Lateral ties - For each pedestal

Considering 8mm dia lateral ties , maximum spacing of ties allowed as per Cl.26.5.3.2 of IS : 456-2000
Pitch of lateral ties is the least of the following :
i. Least lateral dimension of the column mm = 300

ii. 16 times the dia of main bar mm = 16 x 12 = 192

iii. 48 times the dia of transverse reinforcement mm = 48 x 8 = 384

Therefore provide 8 RTS ties 190 mm c/c

at
 Design of Foundation for HV support (For 2.0m founding depth)
I a Max. weight kg = 2500 (per pedestal)
No of supports Nos. = 1
Total weight kg = 2500
b X direction
Length of enclosed HV bushing (L) m = 2.67
Height of enclosed HV bushing m = 2
Number of HV enclosed bushings Nos. = 1
c Y direction
Height of HV bushing m = 2
Length of HV bushing m = 0.95
Number of HV enclosed bushings Nos. = 1

II Calculation of shear & moments due to wind on bushing at PL :

( Y- dir = dir. _|_ to withdrawl direction, X-dir = dir. || to withdrawl direction)

Wind press. solid members kg/m² = 312
Wind press. on conservator kg/m² = 187
Hence diagonal wind pressure on radiator kg/m² 312 x Cos(45) = 221
=
Hence diag. wind pres. on conservator kg/m² 187 x Cos(45) = 133
=

Case 1 : Wind acting along Y direction

a.Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind on enclosed HV bushing kg = 1 x 2 x
0.95 x 312
= 593
Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 593

b.X - Dir. Loads :

Wind load in X -dir kg = 0
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 0
c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind on enclosed HV bushing kgm = 593 x (( 2 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0
3356
Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 3356
d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:
Due to wind in X - dir kgm = 0
Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 0
Case 2 : Wind acting along X direction
a. Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind load in Y -dir kg = 0
Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 0

b. X - Dir. Loads :
Wind on enclosed HV bushing kg = 1 x 2.67 x 2 x 312 x
= 834
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 834
c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind in Y - dir kgm = 0
Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 0
d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:
Due to wind on enclosed HV bushing kgm = 834 x ( ( 2 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36
4720

Total moment in X- dir'n kgm 4720

=

Case 3 : Wind acting diagonal to the Reactor

a. Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind on enclosed HV bushing 0 = 1 x 2 x 0.95 x 221
= 420

Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 420

b. X - Dir. Loads :
Wind on enclosed HV bushing kg = 1 x 2.67 x 2 x 221 x 0.5
= 591
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 591

c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind on enclosed HV bushing kgm = 420 x(( 2 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36
2377
Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 2377
d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:
Due to wind on enclosed HV bushing kgm = 591 x(( 2 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36
3345
Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 3345

III Design of foundation

a. Dimensions of pad
No. of pedestal block Nos. = 1
Pedestal size in X-direction m = 1
Pedestal size in Y-direction m = 0.6
C/C of pedestals in Y dir m = 0
Pad size in X - direction (B) m = 2.1
Pad size in Y - direction (L) m = 2.2
Pad thickness m = 0.25
Depth of foundation from FGL m = 2
Plinth level m = 0.6
b Design parameters :
Depth of water table m = Not Encountered

1 Density of soil kg/cum = 1030

2 Gross SBC of soil at 2.0m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000 + 0 x 0= 10000

3 Gross SBC of soil at 2.0m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000 x 1.25 + 0 x 0
(Increasing allowable SBC by 25% for wind & = 12500 ( for wind & seismic condition)
seismic conditions in line with cl. 15.1, IS1904 - 1986 )

4 Density of concrete kg/cum = 2500

5 Grade of concrete = M30

6 Reinforcement bar yield stress N/mm² = 500

7 FOS against overturning & sliding = 2.2

8 Limit state method - overload factor for strength design 1.5

c Design of foundation
i Calculation of downthrust
Volume of concrete pedestal cum = 1 x 1.000 x 0.600 x 2.35
= 1.41
Weight of concrete pedestal kg = 1.41 x 2500
= 3525
Volume of concrete pad cum = 2.100 x 2.2 x 0.25
= 1.155
Weight of concrete pad kg = 1.155 x 2500
= 2888
Weight of earth kg =( 2.100 x 2.200 - 1.000 x 0.600
)
after deducting soak pit depth) x( 2 - 0.25 - 0.55 )x 1030
Deduction for pedestal portion kg = 4969 kg

Load from equipment (per pedestal) = 2500

Total vertical load kg = 2500 + 3525 + 2888 + 4969

= 13882

Foundation Design loads (including eccentricity of loads)

Y-Dir wind X-Dir wind Diagonal wind
Shear at PL in X-Dir'n kg = 0 834 591
Shear at PL in Y-Dir'n kg = 593 0 420
Moment at PL in X-Dir'n due to wind kg-m = 0 4720 3345
Moment at PL in Y-Dir'n due to wind kg-m = 3356 0 2377
Vertical load at PL kg = 2500 2500 2500

Load Case 1:
Calculation of design moments
Overturning moment in Y - direction kgm = 3356 + 593 x( 2 + 0.6 )
= 4898

Overturning moment in X - direction kgm = 0 + 0 x( 2 + 0.6 )

= 0

Check for overturning

Actual eccentricity in Y - direction m = 4898 / 13882 = 0.353

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.20 /

= 2 1.1

Restoring moment in Y- direction kgm = 13882 x 1.1 = 15270

FOS against overturning in Y-dir'n = 15270 / 4898

= 3.12 > 2.2 Hence safe

Actual eccentricity in X - direction m = 0 / 13882 = 0

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.10 / 2

= 1.05

Restoring moment in X-direction kgm = 13882 x 1.05

= 14576

FOS against overturning in X - direction = 14576 / 0

= N/A > 2.2 Hence safe
 Calculation of maximum bearing pressure
Allowable eccn. in X- dir'n (l/6) m = 0.35 > 0

Allowable eccn. in Y- dir'n (b/6) m = 0.367 > 0.353

Uniform pressure due to vertical kg/sqm = 13882 / ( 2.10 x 2.20 )

load = 3005 < 10000 (Gross SBC w/o wind condn.)
Hence safe
Pressure due to Y -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 4898
6xM/BxBxA 2.1 x 2.1 x 2.2
= 3029
Pressure due to X -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 0
6xM/BxBxA 2.2 x 2.1 x 2.1
= 0
Maximum toe pressure kg/sqm = 3005 + 3029 + 0
= 6034 < 12500 (Gross SBC with wind condn)
Hence safe

Check for sliding

Resistance against sliding = Base friction + adhesion
(reference : Foundation analsis & design by J.E. Bowles ( 4 th edition), chapter 12)
Where,
a. Base friction = V * tan ( theta : @ base)
( V = Total vertical load, theta = angle of int. friction at base of slab & tan (theta) = ceff. of friction bet. soil & conc.)
tan ( theta) = tan ( 0.577
30 )=
b. adhesion = c x B x L kg = 2.10 x 2.20
= 0.7 x
0x
( c = adhesion = 0.7 * cohesion of soil & cohesion 0 kg/m²)
0
=
Total horizontal shear kg = 0+ 593
= 593

Resistance against sliding kg = x 0.577 + 0= 8010

13882
FOS against sliding = 8010 / 593
= 13.51 > 2.2 Hence safe
Load Case 2:
Calculation of design moments
Overturning moment in Y - direction kgm= 0+ 0 x( 2 + 0.6 )
= 0
Overturning moment in X - direction kgm = 4720 + 834 x( 2 + 0.6 )
= 6888
 Check for overturning
Actual eccentricity in Y - direction m = 0 / 13882 = 0

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.20 / 2

= 1.1

Restoring moment in Y- direction kgm = 13882 x 1.1 = 15270

FOS against overturning in Y-dir'n = 15270 / 0

= N/A > 2.2 Hence safe

Actual eccentricity in X - direction m = 6888 / 13882 = 0.496

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.10 / 2
= 1.05

Restoring moment in X-direction kgm = 13882 x 1.05

= 14576
FOS against overturning in = 14576 / 6888
X - direction = 2.12 < 2.2 Unsafe
Calculation of maximum bearing pressure
Allowable eccn. in X- dir'n (l/6) m = 0.35 < 0.4 96

Allowable eccn. in Y- dir'n (b/6) m = 0.367 > 0

Uniform pressure due to vertical kg/sqm = 13882 /( 2.10 x 2.20 )

load = 3005 < 10000 (Gross SBC w/o wind condn.)
Hence safe
Pressure due to Y -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 0
6xM/BxBxA 2.1 x 2.2 x 2.2
= 0
Pressure due to X -dir. moment kg/sqm = 2 x 13882
2P / ( 3 L (0.5xB-e) ) 3 x 2.1 x( 2.2 / 2 - 0.496
= 7296
Maximum toe pressure kg/sqm = 0 + 0 + 7296
= 7296 < 12500 (Gross SBC with wind condn)
Hence safe
Check for sliding
Resistance against sliding = Base friction + adhesion
(reference : Foundation analsis & design by J.E. Bowles ( 4 th edition), chapter 12)
Where,
a. Base friction = V * tan ( theta : @ base)
( V = Total vertical load, theta = angle of int. friction at base of slab & tan (theta) = ceff. of friction bet. soil & conc.)
tan ( theta) = tan 30 )= 0.577

b. adhesion = c x B x L kg = ( 0x 1.10 x 0.00

=
0.7
( c = adhesion = 0.7 * cohesion of soil & cohesion = 0 kg/m²)
Total horizontal shear kg = 834 +x 0 0
= 834

Resistance against sliding kg = 13882 x 0.577 + 0= 8010

FOS against sliding = 8010 / 834

= 9.6 > 2.2 Hence safe
Load Case 3:
Calculation of design moments
Overturning moment in Y - direction kgm = 2377 + 420 x( 2 + 0.6)
= 3469
Overturning moment in X - direction kgm = 3345 + 591 x( 2 + 0.6 )
= 4882
Check for overturning
Actual eccentricity in Y - direction m = 3469 / 13882 = 0.25
Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.20 / 2
= 1.1
Restoring moment in Y- direction kgm = 13882 x 1.1 = 15270
FOS against overturning in Y-dir'n = 15270 / 3469
= 4.4 > 2.2 Hence safe

Actual eccentricity in X - direction m = 4882 / 13882 = 0.352

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.10 / 2
= 1.05
Restoring moment in X-direction kgm = 13882 x 1.05
= 14576
FOS against overturning in = 14576 / 4882
X - direction = 2.99 > 2.2 Hence safe
Calculation of maximum bearing pressure
Allowable eccn. in X- dir'n (l/6) m = 0.35 < 0.352
Allowable eccn. in Y- dir'n (b/6) m = 0.367 > 0.25
Uniform pressure due to vertical kg/sqm = 13882 / ( 2.10 x 2.20 )
load = 3005 < 10000 (Gross SBC w/o wind condn.)
Hence safe
Pressure due to Y -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 3469
6xM/BxBxA 2.1 x 2.1 x 2.2
= 2145
Pressure due to X -dir. moment kg/sqm = 2 x 13882
2P / ( 3 L (0.5xB-e) ) 3 x 2.2 x( 0.5 2.1 - 0.352

x
= -36931
Maximum toe pressure kg/sqm = 0 + 2145 + -36931
= -34786 < 12500 (Gross SBC with wind condn)
Hence safe
 Check for sliding
Resistance against sliding = Base friction + adhesion
(reference : Foundation analsis & design by J.E. Bowles ( 4 th edition), chapter 12)
Where,
a. Base friction = V * tan ( theta : @ base)
( V = Total vertical load, theta = angle of int. friction at base of slab & tan (theta) = ceff. of friction bet. soil & conc.)
tan ( theta) = tan ( 30 )= 0.577

b. adhesion = c x B x L kg = 0.7 x 0x 1.10 x 0.00

= 0
( c = adhesion = 0.7 * cohesion of soil & c ohesion = 0 kg/m²)

Total horizontal shear kg = 591 + 420

= 725

Resistance against sliding kg = 12500 x 0.577 + 0= 7213

FOS against sliding = 7213 / 725

= 9.95 > 2.2 Hence safe

Assume a uniform pressure of 7296 kg/sqm over entire area of the footing for design

d Design of bottom pad :

Net pressure kg/sqm = 7296 - ( 0.25 x 2500 +
1.75 x 1030 )
= 4869
Overhang in X-direction m = 0.550
Overhang in Y-direction m = 0.8
Maximum bending moment in X- dir /m kgm = 1.5 x 4869 x 0.550 ²
about edge of footing 2
= 1105
Maximum bending moment in Y- dir /m kgm = 1.5 x 4869 x 0.8 ²
about edge of footing 2
= 2337

e Calculation of reinforcement
i) Bottom Reinforcement
Bar diameter for bottom Reft. mm = 10
Effective depth of pad mm = 250 - 50 - 15
= 185
Mu / b d² = 2337 x 9.81 x 1000
1000 x 185 ²
= 0.670
Percentage of reinforcement pt = 0.158
(As per Table 4 of SP-16)
Min. percentage of reinforcement pt = 0.12
Ast required mm² 0.158 = x 1000 x 185
100
= 292
Hence provide 10 RTS @ 200 mm c/c as main Reft. at bottom in both ways
Ast provided mm² = 393 Hence safe
ii) Top Reinforcement
Bar diameter for bottom Reft. mm = 10
Effective depth of pad mm = 250 - 50 - 15
= 185
Mu / b d² = 0 x 9.81 x 1000
1000 x 185 ²
= 0.000
Percentage of reinforcement pt = 0.070 Min value=0.07(as per Table -4 of SP-16)
Min. percentage of reinforcement pt = 0.12
Ast required mm² = 0.12 x 1000 x 250
100
= 300
Hence provide 10 RTS @ 200 mm c/c as top Reft. in Y dir
Ast provided mm² = 393 Hence safe
8 Check for punching shear
Maximum compressive load per kg = 2500 + 1.000 x 0.600 x 2.35
pedestal x 2500
=6025
Effective width in X - direction m = 1.000 + 0.185
= 1.185
Effective width in Y - direction m = 0.600 + 0.185
= 0.785
Soil resistance kg = 6025 x 1.185 x 0.785
2.1 x 2.200
= 1213
Net punching shear kg = 6025 - 1213
= 4812
Actual punching shear stress N/mm² = 4812 x 1.5 x 9.81
( 2x 1185 + 2 x 785 )x 185
= 0.1
Allowable punching shear stress N/mm² = Ks x 0.25 fck
(As per Cl.30.6.3.1 of IS456) where Ks = 0.5+Bc and Bc = b/l of block
Bc = 1.000 / 0.600 1.667

Ks = 0.5 + 1.667 = 2.167 (max.= 1)

Tc N/mm² = 0.25 30 x 1
= 1.37 > 0.1 Hence safe
9 Check for one way shear
Distance of face of pedestal from m =( 2.200 - 0 - 0.600 )/ 2
edge of pad in Y dir = 0.800

Distance of face of pedestal from m =( 2.100 - 1.000 )/ 2

edge of pad in X dir = 0.550
Critical section for shear is at a distance m = 0.800 - 0.185
from the face of the edge of pad = 0.615
Factored shear force , Vu N = 1.5 x 4869 x 0.615 x 2.100
= 92533 x 9.81
Shear stress Tv N/mm² = 92533
2100 x 185
= 0.238
Percentage of steel provided, pt % = 393 x 100
1000 x 185
= 0.212
( From IS 456 : 2000, Table 19 )
Design shear strength , Tc N/mm² = 0.339 < 0.238 Hence safe
10 Design of pedestal
Least lateral dimension of pedestal block m = 0.600
Height of pedestal m = 2.35
Effective Height = 2.35 x 2 = 7.83 > 3
Least lateral dimension 0.6 &< 12
Hence the pedestal shall be designed as a column
Max. vertical load on one pedestal kg = 2500
Self weight of pedestal kg = 1.000 x 0.600 x 2.35 x 2500
= 3525
Total vertical load kg = 2500 + 3525
6025
Ultimate compressive load on N = 1.5 x 6025 x 9.81
pedestal , Pu = 88658
Accidental eccentrcity m = 2.35 / 500 + 1 /30
= 0.03803
Minimum eccentrcity m = 0.02
Design eccentricity = 0.03803
Max. moment at base of pedestal kgm = 6025 x 0.0380
= 229.151

Max. moment at base of pedestal kgm =( 591 )x 2.6 + 3345

for each pedestal 1 1
= 4882

Factored moment Nmm = 1.5 x 4882 x 9.81 / 1000

= 71838
 b mm = 1000
D mm = 600
d' (assuming 12mm rods and 40mm cover mm = 46
d'/D = 0.077 say 0.1
Pu/fck bD = 88658 /( 30 x 1000 x
600 )
= 0.005
Mu/fck bD² = 71838 /( 30 x 1000 x
600 ²) x 1000
= 0.0067
From chart 48 of SP-16 p/fck = 0.005
Percentage of reinforcement p = 0.005 x 30 = 0.15
Area of steel required mm² = 0.15 x 1000 x 600
100
= 900
Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for column
Concrete area req'd to resist cm² = 6025 x 9.81
direct vertical load 0.45 x 30 x 100
= 44

Min Ast required mm² = 0.8% of the concrete area

= 35.2
Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for pedestal
Min Ast required mm² = 0.15%
= 0.15 x 1000 x 600
100
= 900

Ast provided mm² = 1357 > 900 Hence safe

Provide vertical reinforcement 12 nos. of 12 dia. bars

Lateral ties - For each pedestal

Considering 8mm dia lateral ties , maximum spacing of ties allowed as per Cl.26.5.3.2 of IS : 456-2000
Pitch of lateral ties is the least of the following :
i. Least lateral dimension of the column mm = 600

ii. 16 times the dia of main bar mm = 16 x 12 = 192

iii. 48 times the dia of transverse reinforcement mm = 48 x 8 = 384

Therefore provide 8 RTS 190 mm
ties at c/c
 Design of Foundation for IV support (For 2m founding depth)
I a Max. weight kg = 2500 (per pedestal)
No of supports Nos. = 1
Total weight kg = 2500
b X direction
Length of enclosed neutral bushi (L) m = 2.36
Height of enclosed neutral bushing m = 1.485
Number of IV enclosed bushings Nos. = 1
c Y direction
Height of enclosed neutral bushing m = 1.485
Length of enclosed neutral bushing m = 0.6
Number of IV enclosed bushings Nos. = 1

II Calculation of shear & moments due to wind on bushing at PL :

( Y- dir = dir. _|_ to withdrawl direction, X-dir = dir. || to withdrawl direction)

Wind press. solid members kg/m² = 312
Wind press. on conservator kg/m² = 187
Hence diagonal wind pressure on radiator kg/m² 312 x Cos(45) = 221
=
Hence diag. wind pres. on conservator kg/m² 187 x Cos(45) = 133
=

Case 1 : Wind acting along Y direction

a.Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind on enclosed neutral bushing kg = 1 x 1.485
x 0.6 x 312
= 278
Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 278

b.X - Dir. Loads :

Wind load in X -dir kg = 0
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 0

c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind on enclosed neutral bushing kgm = 278 x(( 1.485 / 2) + 4.3 + 0.36
1502
Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 1502

d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:

Due to wind in X - dir kgm = 0
Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 0

Case 2 : Wind acting along X direction

a. Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind load in Y -dir kg = 0
Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 0

b. X - Dir. Loads :
Wind on enclosed neutral bushing kg = 1x 2.36 x 1.485 x x 0.5

312
= 547
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 547
 c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind in Y - dir kgm = 0

Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 0

d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:

Due to wind on enclosed neutral bushing kgm = 547 x(( 1.485 / 2 )+ 4.3+ 0.36
2955

Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 2955

Case 3 : Wind acting diagonal to the Reactor

a. Y - Dir. Loads :
Wind on enclosed neutral bushing 0 = 1 x 1.485 x 0.6 x 221
= 197

Total shear load in Y-Dir'n kg = 197

b. X - Dir. Loads :
Wind on enclosed neutral bushing kg = 1 x 2.36 x 1.485 x 221 x 0.5
= 388
Total shear load in X-Dir'n kg = 388
c. Moment in Y-Dir'n at PL :
Due to wind on enclosed neutral bushing kgm = 197 x(( 1.485 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36
1064
Total moment in Y- dir'n kgm = 1064
d. Moment in X-Dir'n at PL:
Due to wind on enclosed neutral bushing kgm = 388 x(( 1.485 / 2 )+ 4.3 + 0.36
2096
Total moment in X- dir'n kgm = 2096
III Design of foundation
a. Dimensions of pad
No. of pedestal block Nos. = 1
Pedestal size in X-direction m = 0.6
Pedestal size in Y-direction m = 1.06
C/C of pedestals in Y dir m = 0
Pad size in X - direction (B) m = 1.7
Pad size in Y - direction (L) m = 2.1
Pad thickness m = 0.25
Depth of foundation from FGL m = 2
Plinth level m = 0.6
b Design parameters :
Depth of water table m = Not Encountered

1 Density of soil kg/cum = 1030

2 Gross SBC of soil at 2.0m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000 + 0 x 0= 10000

3 Gross SBC of soil at 2.0m depth below FGL kg/sqm = 10000 x 1.25 + 0 x 0
(Increasing allowable SBC by 25% for wind & = 12500 ( for wind & seismic condition)
seismic conditions in line with cl. 15.1, IS1904 - 1986 )
4 Density of concrete kg/cum = 2500

5 Grade of concrete = M30

6 Reinforcement bar yield stress N/mm² = 500

7 FOS against overturning & sliding = 2.2

8 Limit state method - overload factor for strength design 1.5

c Design of foundation
i Calculation of downthrust
Volume of concrete pedestal cum = 1 x 0.600 x 1.060 x 2.35
= 1.495
Weight of concrete pedestal kg = 1.495 x 2500
= 3738
Volume of concrete pad cum = 1.700 x 2.1 x 0.25
= 0.893
Weight of concrete pad kg = 0.893 x 2500
= 2233
Weight of earth kg =( 1.700 x 2.100 - 0.600 x 1.060 )
after deducting soak pit depth) x( 2 - 0.25 - 0.55 )x 1030
Deduction for pedestal portion kg = 3626 kg

Load from equipment (per pedestal) = 2500

Total vertical load kg = 2500 + 3738 + 2233 + 3626

= 12097

Foundation Design loads (including eccentricity of loads)

Y-Dir wind X-Dir wind Diagonal wind
Shear at PL in X-Dir'n kg = 0 547 388
Shear at PL in Y-Dir'n kg = 278 0 197
Moment at PL in X-Dir'n due to wind kg-m = 0 2955 2096
Moment at PL in Y-Dir'n due to wind kg-m = 1502 0 1064
Vertical load at PL kg = 2500 2500 2500

Load Case 1:
Calculation of design moments
Overturning moment in Y - direction kgm = 1502 + 278 x( 2 + 0.6 )
= 2225

Overturning moment in X - direction kgm = 0 + 0 x( 2 + 0.6 )

= 0

Check for overturning

Actual eccentricity in Y - direction m = 2225 / 12097 = 0.184

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.10 / 2

= 1.05

Restoring moment in Y- direction kgm = 12097 x 1.05 = 12702

FOS against overturning in Y-dir'n = 12702 / 2225

= 5.71 > 2.2 Hence safe
 Actual eccentricity in X - direction m = 0 / 12097 = 0

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 1.70 / 2

= 0.85

Restoring moment in X-direction kgm = 12097 x 0.85

= 10282

FOS against overturning in X - direction = 10282 / 0

= N/A > 2.2 Hence safe

Calculation of maximum bearing pressure

Allowable eccn. in X- dir'n (l/6) m = 0.283 > 0

Allowable eccn. in Y- dir'n (b/6) m = 0.35 > 0.184

Uniform pressure due to vertical kg/sqm = 12097 / ( 1.70 x 2.10 )

load = 3389 < 10000 (Gross SBC w/o wind condn.)
Hence safe
Pressure due to Y -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 2225
6xM/BxBxA 1.7 x 1.7 x 2.1
= 2200
Pressure due to X -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 0
6xM/BxBxA 2.1 x 1.7 x 1.7
= 0
Maximum toe pressure kg/sqm = 3389 + 2200 + 0
= 5589 < 12500 (Gross SBC with wind condn)
Hence safe

Check for sliding

Resistance against sliding = Base friction + adhesion
(reference : Foundation analsis & design by J.E. Bowles ( 4 th edition), chapter 12)
Where,
a. Base friction = V * tan ( theta : @ base)
( V = Total vertical load, theta = angle of int. friction at base of slab & tan (theta) = ceff. of friction bet. soil & conc.)
tan ( theta) = tan ( 0.577
30 )=
b. adhesion = c x B x L kg = 1.70 x 2.10
= 0.7 x
0x
( c = adhesion = 0.7 * cohesion of soil & cohesion 0 kg/m²)
0
=
Total horizontal shear kg = 0+ 278
= 278

Resistance against sliding kg = x 0.577 + 0= 6980

12097
FOS against sliding = 6980 / 278
= 25.11 > 2.2 Hence safe
Load Case 2:
Calculation of design moments
Overturning moment in Y - direction kgm = 0+ 0 x( 2 + 0.6 )
= 0
Overturning moment in X - direction kgm = 2955 + 547 x( 2 + 0.6 )
= 4377
 Check for overturning
Actual eccentricity in Y - direction m = 0 / 12097 = 0

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.10 / 2

= 1.05

Restoring moment in Y- direction kgm = 12097 x 1.05 = 12702

FOS against overturning in Y-dir'n = 12702 / 0

= N/A > 2.2 Hence safe

Actual eccentricity in X - direction m = 4377 / 12097 = 0.362

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 1.70 / 2

= 0.85
Restoring moment in X-direction kgm = 12097 x 0.85
= 10282

FOS against overturning in = 10282 / 4377

X - direction = 2.35 > 2.2 Hence safe

Calculation of maximum bearing pressure

Allowable eccn. in X- dir'n (l/6) m = 0.283 < 0.3 62

Allowable eccn. in Y- dir'n (b/6) m = 0.35 > 0

Uniform pressure due to vertical kg/sqm = 12097 /( 1.70 x 2.10 )

load = 3389 < 10000 (Gross SBC w/o wind condn.)
Hence safe
Pressure due to Y -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 0
6xM/BxBxA 1.7 x 2.1 x 2.1
= 0
Pressure due to X -dir. moment kg/sqm = 2 x 12097
2P / ( 3 L (0.5xB-e) ) 3 x 1.7 x( 2.1 / 2 - 0.362
= 6895
Maximum toe pressure kg/sqm = 0 + 0 + 6895
= 6895 < 12500 (Gross SBC with wind condn)
Hence safe

Check for sliding

Resistance against sliding = Base friction + adhesion
(reference : Foundation analsis & design by J.E. Bowles ( 4 th edition), chapter 12)
Where,
a. Base friction = V * tan ( theta : @ base)
( V = Total vertical load, theta = angle of int. friction at base of slab & tan (theta) = ceff. of friction bet. soil & conc.)
tan ( theta) = tan 30 )= 0.577

b. adhesion = c x B x L kg = ( 0x 1.05 x 0.00

=
0.7
( c = adhesion = 0.7 * cohesion of soil & cohesion = 0 kg/m²)

Total horizontal shear kg = 547 +x 0 0

= 547

Resistance against sliding kg = 12097 x 0.577 + 0= 6980

FOS against sliding = 6980 / 547

= 12.76 > 2.2 Hence safe
Load Case 3:
Calculation of design moments
Overturning moment in Y - direction kgm = 1064 + 197 x( 2 + 0.6 )
= 1577

Overturning moment in X - direction kgm = 2096 + 388 x( 2 + 0.6 )

= 3105
Check for overturning
Actual eccentricity in Y - direction m = 1577 / 12097 = 0.13

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 2.10 / 2

= 1.05

Restoring moment in Y- direction kgm = 12097 x 1.05 = 12702

FOS against overturning in Y-dir'n = 12702 / 1577

= 8.05 > 2.2 Hence safe

Actual eccentricity in X - direction m = 3105 / 12097 = 0.257

Leverarm for load from edge of pad m = 1.70 / 2

= 0.85

Restoring moment in X-direction kgm = 12097 x 0.85

= 10282

FOS against overturning in = 10282 / 3105

X - direction = 3.31 > Hence safe
2.2
Calculation of maximum bearing pressure
Allowable eccn. in X- dir'n (l/6) m = 0.283 > 0.257

Allowable eccn. in Y- dir'n (b/6) m = 0.35 > 0.13

Uniform pressure due to vertical kg/sqm = 12097 /( 1.70 x 2.10 )

load = 3389 < 10000 (Gross SBC w/o wind condn.)
Hence safe
Pressure due to Y -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 1577
6xM/BxBxA 1.7 x 1.7 x 2.1
= 1559
Pressure due to X -dir. moment kg/sqm = 6 x 3105
6xM/BxBxA 2.1 x 2.1 x 1.7
= 2485
Maximum toe pressure kg/sqm = 3389 + 1559 + 2485
= 7433 < 12500 (Gross SBC with wind condn)
Hence safe
 Check for sliding
Resistance against sliding = Base friction + adhesion
(reference : Foundation analsis & design by J.E. Bowles ( 4 th edition), chapter 12)
Where,
a. Base friction = V * tan ( theta : @ base)
( V = Total vertical load, theta = angle of int. friction at base of slab & tan (theta) = ceff. of friction bet. soil & conc.)
tan ( theta) = tan ( 30 )= 0.577

b. adhesion = c x B x L kg = 0.7 x 0x 1.05 x 0.00

= 0
( c = adhesion = 0.7 * cohesion of soil & c ohesion = 0 kg/m²)

Total horizontal shear kg = 388 + 197

= 435

Resistance against sliding kg = 12097 x 0.577 + 0= 6980

FOS against sliding = 6980 / 435

= 16.05 > 2.2 Hence safe

Assume a uniform pressure of 7433 kg/sqm over entire area of the footing for design

d Design of bottom pad :

Net pressure kg/sqm = 7433 - ( 0.25 x 2500 +
1.75 x 1030 )
= 5006
Overhang in X-direction m = 0.550
Overhang in Y-direction m = 0.52
Maximum bending moment in X- dir /m kgm = 1.5 x 5006 x 0.550 ²
about edge of footing 2
= 1136

Maximum bending moment in Y- dir /m kgm = 1.5 x 5006 x 0.52 ²

about edge of footing 2
= 1015

e Calculation of reinforcement
i) Bottom Reinforcement
Bar diameter for bottom Reft. mm = 10
Effective depth of pad mm = 250 - 50 - 15
= 185
Mu / b d² = 1136 x 9.81 x 1000
1000 x 185 ²
= 0.326
Percentage of reinforcement pt = 0.076
(As per Table 4 of SP-16)
Min. percentage of reinforcement pt = 0.12
Ast required mm² = 0.12 x 1000 x 250
100
= 300
Hence provide 10 RTS @ 200 mm c/c as main Reft. at bottom in both ways
Ast provided mm² = 393 Hence safe
ii) Top Reinforcement
Bar diameter for bottom Reft. mm = 10
Effective depth of pad mm = 250 - 50 - 15
= 185
Mu / b d² = 0 x 9.81 x 1000
1000 x 185 ²
= 0.000
Percentage of reinforcement pt = 0.070 Min value=0.07(as per Table -2 of SP-16)
Min. percentage of reinforcement pt = 0.12
Ast required mm² = 0.12 x 1000 x 250
100
= 300
Hence provide 10 RTS @ 200 mm c/c as top Reft. in Y dir
Ast provided mm² = 393 Hence safe
8 Check for punching shear
Maximum compressive load per kg = 2500 + 0.600 x 1.060 x 2.35
pedestal x 2500
=6236.5
Effective width in X - direction m = 0.600 + 0.185
= 0.785
Effective width in Y - direction m = 1.060 + 0.185
= 1.245
Soil resistance kg = 6236.5 x 0.785 x 1.245
1.7 x 2.100
= 1707
Net punching shear kg = 6236.5 - 1707
= 4529.5
Actual punching shear stress N/mm² = 4529.5 x 1.5 x 9.81
( 2x 785 + 2 x 1245 )x 185
= 0.09
Allowable punching shear stress N/mm² = Ks x 0.25 fck
(As per Cl.30.6.3.1 of IS456) where Ks = 0.5+Bc and Bc = b/l of block
Bc = 0.600 / 1.060 0.566

Ks = 0.5 + 0.566 = 1.066 (max.= 1)

Tc N/mm² = 0.25 30 x 1
= 1.37 > 0.09 Hence safe
9 Check for one way shear
Distance of face of pedestal from m =( 2.100 - 0 - 1.060 )/ 2
edge of pad in Y dir = 0.520

Distance of face of pedestal from m =( 1.700 - 0.600 )/ 2

edge of pad in X dir = 0.550
Critical section for shear is at a distance m = 0.550 - 0.185
from the face of the edge of pad = 0.365
Factored shear force , Vu N = 1.5 x 5006 x 0.365 x 2.100
= 56463 x 9.81
Shear stress Tv N/mm² = 56463
2100 x 185
= 0.145
Percentage of steel provided, pt % = 393 x 100
1000 x 185
= 0.212
( From IS 456 : 2000, Table 19 )
Design shear strength , Tc N/mm² = 0.339 < 0.145 Hence safe
10 Design of pedestal
Least lateral dimension of pedestal block m = 0.600
Height of pedestal m = 2.35
Effective Height = 2.35 x 2 = 7.83 > 3
Least lateral dimension 0.6 &< 12
Hence the pedestal shall be designed as a column
Max. vertical load on one pedestal kg = 2500
Self weight of pedestal kg = 0.600 x 1.060 x 2.35 x 2500
= 3737
Total vertical load kg = 2500 + 3737
6237
Ultimate compressive load on N = 1.5 x 6237 x 9.81
pedestal , Pu = 91777
Accidental eccentrcity m = 2.35 / 500 + 1.060 /30
= 0.04003
Minimum eccentrcity m = 0.02
Design eccentricity = 0.04003
Max. moment at base of pedestal kgm = 6237 x 0.0400
= 249.688

Max. moment at base of pedestal kgm =( 388 )x 2.6 + 2096

for each pedestal 1 1
= 3105

Factored moment Nmm = 1.5 x 3105 x 9.81 / 1000

= 45690
 b mm = 600
D mm = 1060
d' (assuming 12mm rods and 40mm cover mm = 46
d'/D = 0.043 say 0.1
Pu/fck bD = 91777 /( 30 x 600 x
1060 )
= 0.005
Mu/fck bD² = 45690 /( 30 x 600 x
1060 ²) x 1000
= 0.0023
From chart 48 of SP-16 p/fck = 0.005
Percentage of reinforcement p = 0.005 x 30 = 0.15
Area of steel required mm² = 0.15 x 600 x 1060
100
= 954
Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for column
Concrete area req'd to resist cm² = 6237 x 9.81
direct vertical load 0.45 x 30 x 100
= 46

Min Ast required mm² = 0.8% of the concrete area

= 36.8
Minimum reinforcement required as per Cl.26.5.3 of IS 456-2000 for pedestal
Min Ast required mm² = 0.15%
= 0.15 x 600 x 1060
100
= 954

Ast provided mm² = 1357 > 954 Hence safe

Provide vertical reinforcement 12 nos. of 12 dia. bars

Lateral ties - For each pedestal

Considering 8mm dia lateral ties , maximum spacing of ties allowed as per Cl.26.5.3.2 of IS : 456-2000
Pitch of lateral ties is the least of the following :
i. Least lateral dimension of the column mm = 600

ii. 16 times the dia of main bar mm = 16 x 12 = 192

iii. 48 times the dia of transverse reinforcement mm = 48 x 8 = 384

Therefore provide 8 RTS 190 mm
ties at c/c
 DESIGN OF PILE CAP - 6 PILES
LC: Diagonal wind DATA
Grade of concrete

Grade of steel Axial load = 30 N/mm²

fck
Shear-X Direction Shear-Y Direction = 500 N/mm²
fy
Moment in X direction Moment in Y = 1437 kN
direction P
= 75 kN
No of piles Required Dia of pile Fy
= 95 kN
F
Breadth of pile cap Depth of pile cap = 276 kNm
x
Clear cover = 364 kNm
M
Projection from the Pile Compression = 6 Nos
y
Load Capacity of Pile Tension Capacity = 500 mm
hM
p
of Pile
= 3100 mm
x
bc
Shear Capacity of Pile
= 3900 mm
Dc
= 60 mm
= 150 mm
tp
= 750 kN
= 250 kN
= 35 kN
= Short
LC Term
Y
ex

X 150 My 150

500
ey(mm) = 0

2100
3100
Mx

500
1550 1550
3900

Transformer center
SPACING REQD FOR 100% EFFICIENCY :
No of Rows of Piles m = 2 Nos
No of Piles per Row n = 3 Nos
For 100% Efficiency spacing reqd, S = (1.57h p *mn - 2hp) / ( = 1235 mm

PILE CAP SIZE:-

Spacing between Pile (1 &2) / (4&5) Provided S1 = 1550 mm
Spacing between Pile (2 &3) / (5&6) Provided S2 = 1550 mm
Spacing between Pile (1 &4) / (2&5) / (3&6) Provide S3 = 2100 mm
Depth of block D = 1800 mm
Depth of Pile Cap D = 1100 mm

dpro = 1030 mm
Effective Depth of Pile Cap
Length of Pile Cap L = 3900 mm
Breadth of Pile Cap B = 3100 mm
LOADS ON PILE CAP

Compression Tension
X X^2 Y Y^2
Sl. No Ref point capacity (KN) capacity
(m) (m^2) (m) (m^2)
(KN)
1 Transformer center 1.55 2.4025 1.05 1.1025 481.3308116 179.019188
2 Transformer center 0 0 1.05 1.1025 414.9746825 245.375317
3 Transformer center 1.55 2.4025 1.05 1.1025 481.3308116 179.019188
4 Transformer center 1.55 2.4025 1.05 1.1025 481.3308116 179.019188
5 Transformer center 0 0 1.05 1.1025 414.9746825 245.375317
6 Transformer center 1.55 2.4025 1.05 1.1025 481.3308116 179.019188
9.61 6.615
CHECK FOR COMPRESSION CAPACITY :
Self Weight of Pile Cap ,P1 = L*B*D*density of conc P1 = 544.05 kN
Self Weight of Soil ,P2 P2 = 0 kN
Compression capacity of Pile 1 = (P+P1+P2)/ +
N
+

= (1437+544.05+0) + ((276.12+(75.16x2.1)) x1.55)/9.61

6 + ((363.58+(94.81*2.1))*1.05)/6.615
= 489.49 kN
Allowable compression capacity of pile < 750.00 kN Hence ok
CHECK FOR TENSION CAPACITY :
Tension capacity of Pile 1 = (P+P1+P2)/ -
N
-

= (1437+544.05+0) - ((276.12+(75.16x2.1)) x1.55)/9.61

6 - ((363.58+(94.81*2.1))*1.05)/6.615
= 170.87 kN
Allowable tension capacity of pile < 250.00 kN Hence ok
CHECK FOR SHEAR CAPACITY :
Resultant shear (sqrt (FX^2+Fz^2)/N) = 20.17 kN
Allowable shear capacity of pile < 35.00 kN Hence ok
 PROJECT:

TITLE:

1Grade of Steel Fe 500

2Grade of Concrete M 30

3Size of Column (X x Y) A Frame Column1 m X m

A Frame Column2 m X m
A Frame Column3 m X m
A Frame Column4 m X m
A Frame Column5 m X m
A Frame Column6 m X m
Cooler bank Column7 m X m
Cooler bank Column8 m X m
Cooler bank Column9 m X m
Cooler bank Column10 m X m

2 0.6 0.6
4Net safe Bearing Capacity of Soil 100.00 KN/m
0.6 0.6

5Diameter of Bars (Along X-direction) 20 mm 0.6 0.6

0.6 0.6
6Diameter of Bars (Along Y-direction) 20 mm 0.6 0.6
0.6 0.6
7Depth of foundation below FGL 2.0 m 0.3 0.45
0.3 0.45
•Plinth level 0.6 m 0.3 0.45
0.3 0.45
1Depth of soak pit 0.65 m

2Size of foundation (X x Y x D) m

•Load case short term

3
4Density of soil 10.0 KN/m

Origin point considered

1 2
3.15 x 3.00 x 0.25

Y
1.20 1.2
5
X

7 8
0.61
0.60
1.0 2.4
9
0.61

6
0.70
1.2

4 3

2.0

Details of Columns
Considering centre of column 2 as origin (O) Moment about X-axis Mx clockwise +ve
Moment about Y-axis My Anticlock -ve

Column X-cord Y-cord Load Moment My Moment Mx

(in m) (in m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m)
Cantilever length from centre line of columns 1 2.0 0 55.08315 8.67 14.06
2 0 0 55.08315 8.67 14.06
3 0 2.4 55.08315 8.67 14.06
4 2.0 2.4 55.08315 8.67 14.06
5 1.0 0.59 55.08315 8.67 14.06
6 1.0 1.81 55.08315 8.67 14.06
7 2.7 0.9 17.59055625 0 0
8 2.0 0.9 17.59055625 0 0
9 2.7 1.5 17.59055625 0 0
10 2.0 1.5 17.59055625 0 0

Left 0 m Top 0 m
Right 0 m Bottom 0 m

# Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 PROJECT:

TITLE:

= 59.0625
Self weight of raft weight of soil backfill
kN

Total Vetical Column Load appearing below raft

= 74.25
kN

Eccentricity along x-direction P= 534.173625 KN

Taking moment of column forces about the origin x =

1.381
ex = 1.575

-
= 0.194m
1.381
Eccentricity along y-direction m

Taking moment of column forces about the origin y =

1.395
ey = 1.5
= 0.105
m
- 1.395
Ix = 3.15m

= 7.0875X 3.00 3
12
4
m
Iy = 3.00

X 3.15 3
= 7.81396875
12
4
m
A = 3.15
= 9.45
X 3.00
m2
Mxx = P.ey

= 55.90 KNm
Myy = P.ex
= 103.48 KNm
P/A = 56.53
KN/m2
Soil pressure at different points in the raft is as follows

P
=
A Myy
+
.x Iy Mxx Ix
+ .y
Corner 1

= 56.53
103.48
+
= 56.53
7.81396875
= 89.214239229025
+ 20.858
Corner 2 +
= 56.53 KN/m2
= 65.554890022676

+ 20.858
Corner 3 -
= 56.53 KN/m2
= 47.497729024943

Corner 4
- 20.858
= 56.53 +
= 23.838379818594 KN/m2
55.90
1.575 + 7.0875 1.5

- 20.858
- 11.830
Gross SBC
KN/m2

Maximum Soil Pressure = Maximum Net Soil Pressure =

11.830

Design of raft for moment

= 125 KN/m2
In the X-direction,

(i)
Width 89.214 KN/m2 11.830
Maximum Soil Pressure Span Hence
Maximum moment
65.46423923 KN/m2

2
dx Mux/bd Ast reqd Pt reqd 11.830
Provide 16 dia. Bar
@ 150
c/c
Ast provided = 3.00
m
Pt provided
= 65.464
1340.413 KN/m2
Hence = 3.150
m

= 65.464 < 125.00 KN/m2

X

= 54.13 SAFE

KNm/m
= 192.00
mm
= 2.20

= 1071.993

mm2
= 0.558
%

= 1340.413

mm2
= 0.698
% 3.150

> 2

12
1071.993

mm2 SAFE

# Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 PROJECT:

TITLE:

In the Y-direction,

(ii)
Width = 3.150 m
Maximum Soil Pressure = 65.464 KN/m2
Span = 3.00 m

Maximum moment = 65.464 X 3.00

2
= 49.10 KNm/m
dy = 176.00 mm 12

Muy/bd2 = 2.38

Ast req = 1070.547 mm2

Pt req = 0.608 %
Provide 16 dia. Bar @ 150
c/c
Ast pro = 1340.413 mm2
Pt pro = 0.762 %

1340.413 > 1070.547 mm2

Hence SAFE

Check for minimum depth

Maximum Factored Bending Moment =

Rlim (= Mu lim/bd2) = 81.20 KNm/m

dmin =(Mu /Rlim.b)^0.5 =

3.99
Therefore depth required, d =

143 < Hence 142.6531 mm

Check for One Way Shear at a distance 'd' (effective depth) from face of column
143 mm
Along X direction

170
Effective depth at critical section, =
Percentage of reinf.steel provided, = SAFE

Shear strength of concrete, c =

Shear stress on concrete v =

0.275 < Hence

Along Y direction

192.00 mm
Effective depth at critical section, =
Percentage of reinf.steel provided, = 0.698 %

Shear strength of concrete, c = 0.571327 N/mm 2

Shear stress on concrete v = 0.275495

0.381 <
0.571327
Hence
SAFE

Check for Punching Shear :

Critical section lies at a distance d/2 from the periphery of the column where d is the effective depth of slab
176.00 mm

Shear Strength of Concrete = ks c 0.762 %

Where ks = 0.5 + 0.593248 N/mm 2

c 0.380883
Short dimension of column 0.593248
=
c
Long dimension of column SAFE

Therefore ks = 1
2
c = 0.25 ck N/mm
2
= 1.37 N/mm
Hence,
Shear Strength of Concrete = 1.37 N/mm2

For Column (corner column)

Perimeter bo = 696 +
= 1384 mm
=1

Vu
Nominal Shear Stress = v
bd
o
= 0.31
0.31 < 1.37
Hence SAFE

688 0 + 0

82624.725
=
265728

N/mm2

# Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

PROJECT

TITLE:

Wind Pressure : Annexure I 10m High

Wind Pressure as per IS : 802 (part 1/sec 1) : 1995 :
Site Location - Porur, Chennai
Basic wind speed ( Vb ) = 50 m/sec
(Zone 5)
(As per IS : 802 (part 1/sec 1) : 1995)

Wind pressure on various components are as follows:

(For Max. ht. upto 10m above FGL)

i.Wind pressure on structures ( without force coefficient ) = 81 kg/m²

- on projected area

ii.Wind pressure on pipe / cylindrical structures = 187 kg/m²

iii.Wind pressure on flexible conductors = 149 kg/m²

- on projected area

iv.Wind on string insulators, post insulators etc. = 187 kg/m²

- on 50% of the projected area

v.Wind on solid members - flat sided ( tank. junction box etc. ) = 312 kg/m²
- on projected area

Calculations :
1Meteoroligical Reference wind speed (VR) Vb / Ko =
50
/
1.375 (Ko = 1.375)
=
36.36
m/s

2Design wind speed : ( as per cl. 8.2, IS 802) Vd = Vr * k1* k2 Where,

k1 = Risk co-eff. (For Reliability level 2, wind zone 4) = 1
(as per Table 2)

k2 = Terrain Roughness co-efficient = 1

(as per Table 3) (For
Terrain category 2)
Design wind speed , Vd = 36.36 x
1 x
1
= 36.36 m/s

Design wind pressure : ( as per cl. 8.4 of IS : 802, p1 s1 : 1995)

pd = 0.6 x Vd²
= 0.6 x 36.36
^ 2
= 793 N / m²
= 81 kg/m²
PROJECT

TITLE:

Wind pressure on various components : On the EXPOSED AREA : (Str. Ht. = 10m)
( Exposed area means effective frontal area 'Ae')
The wind force on that particular component shall be obtained by multiplying the frontal area 'Ae' of that component with the respective wind pressure
value as below :

a.Wind on lattice steel structure : = 81 kg/m²

( without drag co-eff. Cdt & Gust Factor Gt)
- The drag co-efficient shall be as per Table 5, & Gust Factor as per Table 6, IS : 802, (part 1/sec 1)
Pt = Pd * Cdt * Gt (As per cl. 9.1, IS 802)

b.Wind on pipe structures (smooth surface) & Al. tubular bus bar

Pt ( in line with cl. 9.1) = (Pd * Cdi * Gi) x Coeff. As above where,
Drag co - efficient (Cdi) = 1.2 (As per Table 23, smooth surface)
Gust response factor (Gi) = 1.92 (Table 6, for terrain category 2)

Hence wind pressure on exposed area = 81 x 1.2

x 1.92
= 187 kg/m²
c.Wind on flexible conductors : ( As per cl.9.2 , IS: 802 )

Pc = Pd * Cdc * Gc
where,
Cdc = 1
Gust response factor (Gc) = 1.83
(Table 7, for terrain cat.2,span upto 200m)
Hence wind pressure on exposed area = 81 x 1
x 1.83
= 149 kg/m²

d.Wind on String Insulators, Post insulators, etc. :

Pi = Pd * Cdi * Gi (As per cl. 9.3, IS 802)

where,
Cdi = 1.2
Gust response factor (Gi) = 1.92 (Table 6, for terrain category 2)

Hence wind pressure on 50% of exposed area = 81 x 1.2

x 1.92
= 187 kg/m²
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TITLE:

e Wind on Solid members - flat sided :

( i.e. for tank, junction box , E/S box , etc. )
Solidity ratio = 1

Pt = Pd * Cdt * Gt (As per cl. 9.1, IS 802)

where,

Drag co - efficient (Cdt) = 2 (As per table 5, for solidity Ratio = 1)

Gust response factor (Gt) = 1.92 (Table 6, for terrain category 2)

Hence wind pressure on exposed area = 81 x 2 1.92

= 312 kg/m²
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