TOPIC 2

LINEAR EQUATIONS, LINEAR

INEQUALITIES AND ABSOLUTE
VALUES

2.1 Linear Equations and Linear

Inequalities
 Linear Equation in One Variable

• Example:
2x+4=0
3y-5=6
2x-3 ?
m+6 ?
 Linear Equation in Two Variables

Example:
2x+3y-4=0
3m-5n=6
7p-2q+4=0
 System of Linear Equations
• A System of Linear Equations is when we have two or more linear
equations working together.
• Example:
• 1) 2x + y = 5
−x + y = 2

• 2)
 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Substitution
5 x  2 y  3 5 x  2 y  3
 5 x  23 x   3
 y  3x
5 x  6 x  3
 x  3
x3
y  3x
y  33
y9
Solution 3,9 
 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Elimination
 3x  y  1 3x  y  1

4 x  y  6 31  y  1
3x  y  1 3 y 1
4x  y  6  y  2
y2
7x 7
7x  7 Solution
x 1 1,2 
 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Graphing

 y  2x  4

 1 
 y   x3
 3
Solution :  3, 2 
1
2  2 3  4 2   3  3
3
22 22
 Systems of Linear Equations (2 variables)
Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Graphing

 y3 

 y  4 x  1

Solution :  1, 3

33 3  4  1  1
33
 Systems of Linear Equations (2 variables)
Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Graphing

 x y 3 y  x 3
 
2 x  y  0  y  2 x

Solution : 1, 2  

1   2   3 2 1   2   0
33 00
 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Graphing
Special Systems of Linear Equations
Consistent system has at least one solution.
Inconsistent system has no solution.

Consistent system


 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Graphing
Special Systems of Linear Equations
Consistent system has at least one solution.
Inconsistent system has no solution.

Inconsistent system
 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Graphing
Special Systems of Linear Equations
Consistent system has at least one solution.
Inconsistent system has no solution.

Consistent system
 What’s an inequality?
• is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two
numbers or other mathematical expressions
• An algebraic relation showing that a quantity is greater than or less than
another quantity.
Speed limit:

55  x  75
Simultaneous Linear Equations Involving
Three Variables
 Symbols
 Less than

 Greater than

 Less than OR EQUAL TO

 Greater than OR EQUAL TO

 Solutions….
You can have a range of answers……

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

All real numbers less than 2

x< 2
 Solutions continued…

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

All real numbers greater than -2

x > -2
 Solutions continued….

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

All real numbers less than or equal to 1

x 1
 Solutions continued…

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

All real numbers greater than or equal to -3

x  3
 Did you notice,
Some of the dots were solid and some
were open?
x2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

x 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Why do you think that is?
If the symbol is > or < then dot is open because it can not be equal.
If the symbol is  or  then the dot is solid, because it can be that point too.
 Solving an Inequality
Solving a linear inequality in one variable is much like solving a linear
equation in one variable. Isolate the variable on one side using
inverse operations.

Solve using addition:

x–3<5
Add the same number to EACH side.
x3 5
+3 +3

x<8
 THE TRAP…..
When you multiply or divide each side of an inequality
by a negative number, you must reverse the
inequality symbol to maintain a true statement.
 Solving using Multiplication
Multiply each side by the same positive number.

1
(2) x  3 (2)
2
x6
 Solving Using Division
Divide each side by the same positive number.

3x  9
3 3

x3
Solving by multiplication of a negative #
Multiply each side by the same negative number and REVERSE the
inequality symbol.

(-1) x4 (-1) Multiply by (-1).

See the switch

x  4
Solving by dividing by a negative #
Divide each side by the same negative number and reverse
the inequality symbol.

 2x  6
-2 -2

x3
 Solving Linear Inequalities

• Example

3 x  2( 2 x  4)  2 x  1
3x  4 x  8  2 x  1
 x  8  2x  1
 3x  9
x  3 or [ 3, )
Solve a Linear Inequality with Fractions
x2
2x  3 
3
Reverse the inequality symbol
 6x  9  x  2 when multiplying by a negative
number.

9  7x  2
7  7x
1  x or
x 1
The solution set is ( ,1).
 Systems of Linear Inequalities
Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables
Graph the Union.

 2
y  x 1
 3

 y  x  2
 Systems of Linear Inequalities
Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables
Graph the solution (Graph the intersection).

 2
y  x 1
 3

 y  x  2
 Systems of Linear Inequalities
Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables
Graph the union.

 1
y   x  2
 2

 x  2
 Systems of Linear Inequalities
Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables
Graph the solution. (Graph the intersection)

 1
y   x  2
 2

 x  2
 Systems of Linear Inequalities
Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables
Graph the solution. (Graph the intersection)

 y  2x  3  0

  x  3y  9

 y  2x  3

y  1 x3
 3
