ENGLISH 4

LESSON 2.2
TENSES AND ASPECTS OF VERBS

PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Simple Tense Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense

Present Perfect Past Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

Perfect Tense Tense

Progressive Present Progressive Past Progressive Tense Future Progressive

Tense Tense Tense

Perfect
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
Progressive Progressive Tense Progressive Tense Progressive Tense
Tense
PERFECT TENSE
is known as complete aspect
expresses an action or condition
completed, or “perfected”, at an
indefinite time in the past, or an action
that started in the past and continues
at the present time.
PERFECT TENSES
Verbs in perfect tenses can appear in:
● Present Perfect Tense
● Past Perfect Tense
● Future Perfect Tense
PERFECT TENSES
Past participle is a form of a verb which
is used in forming perfect and passive
tenses.
PERFECT TENSES
The past participle for regular verb is
formed by adding d or –ed.
bake – baked hurry – hurried
jump – jumped visit – visited
cook – cooked moo – mooed
play – played stop – stopped
PERFECT TENSES
The past participle for irregular verb is
formed by changing its spelling.
TENSES AND ASPECTS OF VERBS
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Simple Tense Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense

Present Perfect Past Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

Perfect Tense Tense

Progressive Present Progressive Past Progressive Tense Future Progressive

Tense Tense Tense

Perfect
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
Progressive Progressive Tense Progressive Tense Progressive Tense
Tense
 PERFECT TENSES:
PRESENT
01 PERFECT
TENSE
 Present Perfect Tense
started in the
It shows an action or condition that started
past and continues at the present time.
time

PAST PRESENT
 Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect is formed by placing the auxiliary
verb (has or have) before the past participle form
of the verb.
auxiliary
verb

Singular subject = has Past

Plural subject = have
+ Participle
 Present Perfect Tense
Examples:
A.V. P.P

1. I have finished my homework already.

SUBJECT VERB
special pronoun

A.V. P.P

2. My sister has taken martial arts lessons for six years.

SUBJECT VERB
singular
 Present Perfect Tense
A.V. P.P

3. John and Kevin have put money in the machine.

SUBJECT VERB
plural
A.V. P.P
4. Uncle Ben has lived in Pampanga all his life.
SUBJECT VERB
singular
A.V. P.P
5. Sheila has worked here since she graduated school.
SUBJECT VERB
singular
 PERFECT TENSES:
PAST
02 PERFECT
TENSE
 Past Perfect Tense
past that
It shows an action or condition in the past
came before another action or condition in the
past.

PAST 1 PAST 2
 Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect is formed by placing the auxiliary verb
had before the past participle form of the verb.
auxiliary
verb
Singular or Plural =
Subject
had + Past Participle
Use the past perfect tense to show the action that
happened first.
 Past Perfect Tense
First action in the past : past perfect tense
Singular or Plural
Subject:
had + past participle

Second action in the past : simple past tense

-d or -ed (regular verbs)
Singular or Plural or
Subject: change spelling
(irregular verbs)
 Past Perfect Tense
Examples:
A.V. P.P

1. Dan had called before Ellen arrived.

SUBJECT VERB

A.V. P.P
2. Mike had finished his homework before his mom
SUBJECT VERB
called him for dinner.
 Past Perfect Tense
A.V. P.P

3. Luz and Pam had met Kim before the party.

SUBJECT VERB
A.V. P.P
4. My teacher had read the book before she watched
SUBJECT VERB
the film adaptation.
A.V. P.P
5. The guests had arrived when it started raining.
SUBJECT VERB
 PERFECT TENSES:
FUTURE
03 PERFECT
TENSE
 Future Perfect Tense
It shows an action or condition in the future that
will occur before another action
action or condition in
the future.

1 2
FUTUREFUTURE
 Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect is formed by placing the auxiliary
verbs will and have before the past participle
auxiliary
form of the verb. verb

will / shall Past

Singular or Plural =
Subject have + Participle
Use the future perfect tense to show the action
that will happen first.
 Future Perfect Tense
First action in the future : future perfect tense
Singular or Plural past
will / shall
Subject: have + participle
Second action in the future : simple present tense
Singular Subject: -s or -es
Plural Subject: base form of the verb
 Future Perfect Tense
Examples:
A.V. P.P
1. Ron will have finished his ice cream when the
SUBJECT VERB
train arrives.
A.V. P.P
2. The patient will have recovered from illness by the
SUBJECT VERB
next month.
 Future Perfect Tense
A.V. P.P

3. The kids will have played football in the school.

SUBJECT VERB
A.V. P.P
4. He will have reached his home by the time I leave.
SUBJECT VERB
A.V. P.P

5. Kim will have taken his breakfast before the

SUBJECT VERB
school bus arrives.