Halal foods and their

assurance systems
Introduction and the objectives

• Halal is a Quranic word meaning lawful or permitted. In reference to food, it is the

dietary standard, as prescribed in the Quran the Muslim scripture. General Quranic
guidance dictates that all foods are Halal except those that are specifically mentioned
as Haram (unlawful or Prohibited).
• The life of a Muslim revolves around the concept of Halal. A Muslim must earn
income from Halal sources, be involved only in Halal transactions and consume Halal
food and drink.
• All foods are made lawful according to Muslim Scripture, The Glorious Quran;
• O ye who believe! Eat of the good things wherewith We have provided you and
render thanks to Allah, if it is He whom we worship (Quran Chapter II Verse 172).
• ‫َياَأُّيَها اَّلِذ يَن آَم ُنوا ُك ُلوا ِم ْن َطي َباِت َم ا َر َز ْقَناُك ْم َو اْشُك ُروا ِلل ِإْن ُك نُتْم ِإَّياُه َتْع ُبُد وَن‬
• • ‫يا أيها الرسل كلوا من الطيبات واعملوا صالحا إني بما تعملون عليم‬
• Halal simply means permitted or lawful. So when we are talking about
halal foods it means any foods that are allowed to be eaten according
to Islamic Sharia law.
• This means that for any food to be considered halal it must comply
with the religious ritual and observance of Sharia law.
What is haram?

• The opposite of halal is haram (forbidden).

• •Food can be forbidden in Islam if it includes:
• •blood
• •alcohol
• •meat or any products from a forbidden animal, including pigs and any
carnivorous animals or birds of prey
• •meat or any products of an animal which has not been slaughtered in the
correct manner in the name of Allah
• •Under Islamic law (sharia) it is permissible (halal) to consume items that
would otherwise be termed haram so long as it is a matter of survival and not
just an act of disobedience.
HARAM FOODS

• Foods that are not halal for Muslims to consume as per various Qurʼanicverses are:
• •Pork
• •Blood
• •Intoxicants andalcoholic beverages
• •Animals killed incorrectly and/or without Allah's name being pronounced before slaughter
• –Animals slaughtered in the name of anyone but "Allah". All that has been dedicated or
offered in sacrifice to an idolatrous altar or saint or a person considered to be "divine"
• –Carrion(carcasses of dead animals, i.e. animals who died in the wild)
• –An animal that has been strangled, beaten (to death), killed by a fall, gored (to death), or
savaged by a beast of prey (unless finished off by a human)
• •Quranic verses regarding halal foods include: 2:173, 5:5, and 6:118-119, 121. (source:
Wikipedia) and al-Quran
SYUBHAH

• Mushbooh (Arabic: ( ‫†شبه‬is a food designation in Islam. Literally

meaning 'doubtful' or 'suspect,' foods are labeled mushbooh when it
is unclear whether they are Halal (consumption is permitted) or
Haraam (consumption is prohibited).
• Haram (Prohibited)Haram means prohibited and its judicial equivalent is illegal. In
Islamic jurisprudence, Haram stands for items that Muslims should stay away from.
Haram food and drinks are explicitly stated in the Quran e.g. flesh of swine, blood,
carrion and animals that are slaughtered not in the name of Allah swt.[Al-Baqarah(2),
verse 173, Al-Maidah(5), verse 3, Al-An'am(6), verse 145 and Al-Nahl(16), verse
115]Makrooh(Disapproved)
• Products labelled as makroohare not prohibited by explicit Quranic verses or
Prophetic Traditions (hadiths). However, Muslims are encouraged to avoid consuming
such products as these products may or may not have adverse impact on man, his
community or the environment.
• Mashbooh(Doubtful). Mashbooh refers to products or items which are not amenable
to straightforward categorization of Halal or Haram. It represents a category of
ambiguous products that are neither Halal nor Haram.
• Why the prohibitions (Haram)?Products can be prohibited for
different reasons and can be categorised as follows :
• Prohibited Per Se Prohibited by explicit Quranic verses without any
elucidation of the reasons behind their interdiction. Such products are
prohibited for their own sake e.g. flesh of swine, blood, carrion and
animals that are slaughtered not in the name of Allah swt. [Al-
Baqarah(2), verse 173, Al-Maidah(5), verse 3, Al-An'am(6), verse 145
and Al-Nahl(16), verse 115] (Source: al-Quran).
• Prohibited For Potential Harm
• Prohibited by Quranicverses with explicit elucidation of the reasons
behind their interdiction. One such example is alcohol whose harm
overshadows its benefits.[Al Baqarah(2), verse 219]Prohibited by
Quranicverses for defects that are not inherent but may have been
acquired subsequently, e.g. choked or strangled animals.Prohibited
for improper handling, e.g. animals that are not slaughtered according
to Islamic rules and regulations.
• HaramUnder the category for Prohibited For Potential Harm above, it
is apparent from the last two classifications, products that are initially
in the Halal status can become Haram. More often than not, this
change in status is caused by those handling the products failing to
observe the regulations prescribed by Islam or simply due to human
error. Muslims, therefore, must be cognizant of the proper procedures
relevant to the products being handled.
• Halal built-in is a systematic approach towards halal management and
control systems in all aspect which involve the supply chain and
logistical aspects including the segregation of consumable and non-
consumable products which are dedicated for exclusively halal.
• The halalbuilt-in system is to ensure the food production is according to
Shariah law and fatwa which meets safety, quality and nutritional
standards. Thus, the halal products shall not be tested but shall be built
in into the management system.
• The halal requirements are stated by Shariah law and fatwa, are
incorporated into Halal Standards developed by Department of
Standard Malaysia.
Food
• Food includes every article manufactured, sold or
represented for use as food or drink for human
consumption or which enters into or is used in the
composition, preparation, preservation, of any food or
drink and includes confectionery, chewing substances
and any ingredient of such food, drink, confectionery or
chewing substances.
Halal
• Matters that are lawful and permitted in Islam based on the Shariah
law and fatwa.
Non halal
• Matters that are unlawful and prohibited in Islam based on the
Shariah law and fatwa
• NOTE. Non-halal is also known as haram.
Halal food
Halal food covers foods and beverages and/or their ingredients permitted under the Shariah law
and fatwa, and fulfill the following conditions:
a) does not consist of or contains any part of matter of an animal that is prohibited by Shariah
law and fatwa for a Muslim to consume or that has not been slaughtered in accordance with
Shariah law and fatwa;
b) does not contain anything which is najs (impure) according to Shariah law and fatwa;
c) does not intoxicate according to Shariah Law and fatwa;
d) does not contain any part of a human being or its yield which are not allowed by Shariah law
and fatwa;
e) is not poisonous or hazardous to health;
f) has not been prepared, processed or manufacture using any instrument that is contaminated
with najs (impurity) according to Shariah law and fatwa; and has not in the course of
preparing, processing or storing been in contact with mixed, or I close proximity to any food
that fails to satisfy items 3.4 (a) and (b).
• 3.6 najs
• Matters that are impure according to Shariah law and fatwa.
• 3.6.1 Najs according to Shariah law are:
• a dogs, pigs and their descendants or derivatives;
• b) halal food that is contaminated with matters that are non-halal;
• C halal food that comes into direct contact with matters that are non-halal;
• d any liquid and objects discharged from the orifices of human beings or animals such as
• urine, blood, vomit, pus, excrement and placenta;
• e) carrion or halal animals that are not slaughtered according to Shariah law and fatwa
except
• for aquatic animals and certain insects; and
• f) khamr1 and food or beverages or items which contain or are mixed with khamr.
Source of halal food
• ANIMAL
• Land animal
Land animal
All land animals are halal as food except the following:
a) halal animals that are not slaughtered according to Shariah law;
b) najs al-mughallazah animal, i.e. pigs and dogs as well as their descendants
and derivatives;
c) animals with long pointed teeth or tusks which are used to kill prey such
as tigers, bears, elephants, cats, monkeys, etc.;
d) predatory birds such as eagles, owls etc.;
e) pests and/or poisonous animals such as rats, cockroaches, centipedes,
scorpions, snakes, wasps and other similar animals;
f) animals that are forbidden to be killed in Islam such as bees (al-nahlah),
woodpeckers. (hud-hud), etc.;
g) creatures that are considered repulsive such as lice, flies, etc.;
h) farmed halal animals which are intentionally and continually fed with najs;
and
i) other animals forbidden to be eaten in accordance with Shariah law and
fatwa.
Aquatic animal
Aquatic animals are those which live in water and cannot survive
outside it, such as fish. All aquatic animals are halal except:
a. aquatic animals that are poisonous, intoxicating or hazardous to
health;
b. animals that live both on land and water such as crocodiles, turtles
and frogs;
c. aquatic animals which live in najs or intentionally and/or continually
fed with najs; and
d. other aquatics animals forbidden to be eaten in accordance with
Shariah law and fatwa.
Plants
• All types of plants and plant products and
their derivatives are halal except those that
are poisonous, intoxicating or hazardous to
health.
Microorganisms
• All types of microorganisms (i.e. bacteria,
algae and fungi) and their by-products
and/or derivatives are halal except those
that are poisonous, intoxicating or
hazardous to health.
Minerals and chemicals
• All minerals and chemicals are halal except
those that are poisonous, intoxicating or
hazardousbto health.
Beverages
• All kinds of water and beverages are halal as drinks except those
that are poisonous, intoxicating or hazardous to health.

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

• Food and beverages containing products and/or by-products of
genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or ingredients made by the
use/ manipulating of genetic material of animals that are non-halal
by Shariah law and fatwa are not halal.
• 4.5.1.7 Notwithstanding 4.5.1.1.2 and 4.5.1.2 the products from
hazardous aquatic animals or plants are halal when the toxin or
poison has been eliminated during processing, as permitted by
Shariah law.
Various food types and their halal classification

Animal meat and blood

• Meat can undergo various treatments that may result in changes to its original taste,
structure and texture. During the processing of meat, adulteration can occur whereby
the meat is mixed or substituted with alternative meats that are cheaper and more
easily available, such as pork (Nakyinsige et al., 2012).
• Consumption of blood or blood plasma is forbidden in Islam (Hassan & Lewis, 2014;
Khattak et al., 2011). Hence, any foodproducts made of or containing blood or blood
plasma, such as Consumption of blood or blood plasma is forbidden in Islam
• (Hassan & Lewis, 2014; Khattak et al., 2011). Hence, any food
• products made of or containing blood or blood plasma, such as
• blood sausages, are prohibited and are not considered halal.
• blood sausages, are prohibited and are not considered halal.
Fish and seafood

• Generally, fishes and seafood, such as molluscs and crustaceans,are

halal for Muslims consumption (Hassan & Lewis, 2014; Khattaket al.,
2011).
• Precautions only arise with processed seafood products such as
surimi, fish cakes, fish fillets and fish balls, such that they neither
contain nor become contaminated with any non-halal ingredients.
Food ingredients

• Gelatin can be extracted from several sources including pigskins,

• bovine hides and splits, and bone materials from animals
• including fish (Cai, Gu, Scanlan, Ramatlapeng, & Lively, 2012;
• Elgadir, Mirghani, & Adam, 2013).
• Enzymes are complex
• organic molecules that can be derived from plants, animals and
• microorganisms. Hence, it is important to note, should enzymes be
• present in a product, the source of enzymes, and to ensure it is not
• extracted from prohibited animals.
• In the dairy industry, cheese-making traditionally requires a
• substance called rennet that is used to coagulate milk curds into
• cheese. Rennet is usually extracted from the stomach lining of
• newly born ruminants including pig. However, thanks to the
• advancement of science, cheese manufacturers nowadays have the
• option of using microbial or fungal rennet as a substitute in cheese
• making. The source of rennet used in cheese production must
• therefore be stated on the package labelling to aid Muslim
• consumers. Yogurt, cultured milk, cream and sour cream are made from
• processed milk. Milk is generally halal if it is produced from
• permissible animals. However, other ingredients such as gelatin,
• emulsifiers, colourings, stabilisers and enzymes may be added,
• usually to produce the desired texture, colour and to extend its
• shelf-life. Provided that all other ingredients are obtained from
• halal sources, the milk product is considered halal.
• In Islamic Law, according to both the Quran and the Prophet's
• hadith, all intoxicants are forbidden, which includes alcoholic
• drinks (Regenstein, Chaudry, & Regenstein, 2003).
• ‘wine’ (Al-Khamr in Arabic), which is a beverage
• that contains alcohol derived from grapes and is forbidden in Islam
• because it is considered an intoxicant
• Some
• halal-certification organisations do allow a small percentage of
• alcohol to be used in food production as long as it is evaporated to a
• final level of not more than 0.5% in food ingredients, and 0.1e0.2%
• in consumer products (Al-Mazeedi et al., 2013; Regenstein et al.,
• 2003; Riaz & Chaudry, 2003).
• Traces amount of alcohol (usually in
• quantities less than 0.1%) do exist naturally in fruits, fruit juices,
• vegetables and breads, in the form of ethyl alcohol (or ethanol), as a
• result of natural fermentation (Gunduz, Yilmaz, & Goren, 2013).
9. Chocolates

• Chocolates are made up of a variety of ingredients such as milk,

• emulsifiers, preservatives and gelatin. These additives could be
• obtained either from plants or animals, therefore Muslim consumers
• must be vigilant. Chocolates may also contain alcohol if it is
• used during the processing step although alcohol may not be listed
• as an ingredient, rendering the chocolate non-halal, even if the rest
• of the ingredients do not necessarily derive from animal.
• Halal food certification is one of the preconditional for driving the
success of the Halal brand. A certificate of halal in Malaysia is a
document issued by the Islamic Development Department (JAKIM). It
identifies and certifies products that follow and cover Islamic dietary
guidelines.
• The main function of MALAYSIAN STANDARDS is to
• Foster and promote standards, standardisation and accreditation as a means of
advancing the national economy,
• Promoting industrial efficiency and development,
• Benefiting the health and safety of the public,
• Protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and
• Furthering international cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation.
List of halal related Malaysian standard.
• MS1500:2019 : Halal Food: General requirements
• MS2634: 2019: Halal cosmetics – General guidelines
• MS2400-1:2019 : Halal supply chain management system-Part 1 :
Transportation- General requirement (First revision)
• MS2400-1:2019 : Halal supply chain management system-Part 2 :
Warehousing-General requirement (First revision)
• MS2400-1:2019 : Halal supply chain management system-Part 3 : Retailing-
General requirement (First revision)
• MS2424:2012 - Halal Pharmaceuticals - General Guidelines
• MS1900:2005: Quality management system- Requirement from Islamics
Pespective.
Halal Malaysia Management System
Halal Malaysia Management System
Internal Halal Control System Halal Assurance System ( HAS)
( IHCS)
Halal policy Halal policy
Raw material control Internal halal committee
Traceability Risk halal control
Raw material control
Internal audit
Halal training
Traceability
HAS review
Lab analysis
Sertu

Small and micro industry Medium and Big

HALAL ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• RELATED MALAYSIA STANDARD FOR HALAL

HAS • MANUAL PROCEDURE FOR MALAYSIA HALAL
CERTIFICATION
HALAL
• RELATED ACT TO PRODUCT/SERVICES
REQUIREMENTS
• RELATED NATIONAL FATWA
• GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES/ HACCP/ FSMS /
ISO/ RELATED TO PRODUCTS/ SERVICES
SCOPE OF HAS

• Start of point from selection of raw materials for R&D to delivery of finished
product/services to consumer.

• HAS is a system which shall be used with other quality system such as GMP,
cGMP, HACCP, BRC and ISO.

• EXAMPLE :

• - HAS is built to cover activities from selection of suppliers, purchasing,

delivery, storage, preparation, processing, processing up to delivery to consumers.
Manual HAS

• Company profile
• Objective and scope
• Halal policy
• Internal halal committee
• Standard operating procedure
• Internal audit
• Halal risk control
• Raw material control
• halal training
• Tracebility
• HAS review