Introduction à la

rédaction
scientifique

Master :Réseau Radio Mobile

Mme MENHOUR SAADI I
 01
Definition
Scientific writing in English started in the 14th century.
Human beings have been able to communicate for
thousands of years. Yet scientific communication as it is
today is relatively new. It was only 300 years ago that the
first journals were published. Writing is the primary way
to communicate in scientific work, It helps document and
communicate ideas, activities and findings to others.
Scientific writing is different form all other writings
 02 Good
What Makes
Writing?
 • Clear and effective
First, an idea needs to be communicated clearly and effectively.
This is even more important in scientific writing. The whole point
of scientific writing is to get one’s results to other scientists, to
policymakers, and sometimes even to the lay public.
Most people are generally worried about sounding smarter or more
elegant through their writing. By focusing on trying to sound in a
certain way, one forget about just trying to get their ideas across
clearly and effectively. For this, one has to have logical and clear
thinking.
 Simple
The language used must be
direct, avoiding vague or
complicated sentences.
Technical terms and jargon are
usually avoided and used only
when necessary for accuracy
Objectiveness
Being objective suggests that you
are stating facts and are not
influenced by personal feelings or
biases. Objectivity in science
makes your work more
professional and also credible.
One must consider both sides of
an argument without the use of
words such as or “wonderful.”
“amazing results”, “beautiful plot”
,, etc
 Brief Hedging
As short as possible, In academic writing, you have to
unnecessary words or make decisions about your stance
sentences should be avoided on a particular subject, or the
(repetition and redundancy). strength of the claims you are
making. Be careful not to make
strong claims such as “This
proves.” Instead, use phrases such
as “It could be suggested that….”
 Precision

Effective scientific writing assumes the

abundant use of specific dates and figures.
Vague and ambiguous language such as
about, approximately, and almost must be
avoided. Word combinations such as “a lot
of people” or “someone said” are not
considered good academic writing
expressions
 Types of Scientific Writings
(publications)
Papers
These are detailed articles that present
original research, including the
methodology, results, and
discussion. Research papers are
often published in scientific
journals
Theses and
Dissertations
Written by graduate students as part of
their academic requirements, theses and
dissertations present original research
findings and are often made available in
university libraries or online
repositories.
Articles
Review articles provide a comprehensive
overview of a specific topic or field by
summarizing and synthesizing existing
research. They help researchers and
students understand the current state of
knowledge in a particular area.
Books
Scientific books cover a wide range
of topics and can be written by
researchers, experts, or academics.
They often provide in-depth
information and analysis on a
subject
Conference Papers
Research presented at academic
conferences is often published as
conference papers. These papers
typically include a summary of the
research, methods, and key findings
Patents
Patents are documents that protect
the intellectual property rights of an
inventor. They describe an
invention and its technical details.
 Types of Scientific Writings
(publications)
White Papers Technical Reports Data and Datasets

These are authoritative reports or
guides that provide detailed
information or proposals on a
specific issue, often produced by
experts or organizations
Technical reports are detailed documents
produced by research organizations,
government agencies, or companies. They
provide comprehensive information about
research findings, methodologies, and
technical details.
Data publications make raw data,
datasets, or data analysis available
to the scientific community. They
are crucial for transparency and
reproducibility.
 Rules for Scientific Writing
● Interest, inform, and persuade the reader.
● Write for your reader and write clearly.
● Eliminate unnecessary redundancy.
● Avoid digressions.
● Don’t over explain and avoid overstatement.
● Avoid unnecessary qualifiers.
● Use consistent tenses.
● Use the precise word.
● Simpler words are preferred over complex words and use
concrete words and examples.
 Rules for Scientific Writing
● Simpler sentences are preferred over more complicated
sentences
● Use the active voice (except generally in methods)
● Use affirmative rather than negative constructions •
● Cite sources as well as findings
● Proofread your paper carefully
 Words/expressions in scientific
 Aim for economy: writing
● because instead of (based on the fact that);
● for or to instead of (for the purpose of).
● (there were) several subjects (who) completed;
● (it is suggested that) a relationship may exist;
● (both) alike; (one and) the same;
● (a total of) n subjects;
● four (different) groups;
● (absolutely) essential;
● found (previously);
● small (in size);
● in (close) proximity;
● (very) close to zero;
● (much) better;
● (period of) time;
● summarize (briefly);
● (the reason is) because;
● (also) included;
● except (for).
 Aim for precision:
● Patient or gymnast (instead of “subject”);
● Concentration or frequency (instead of “level”).
● Do not generalize unnecessarily. For example, don’t say
“some” if you know of only one instance.
● “This” on its own is an ambiguous antecedent. Use instead
this test or this problem.
● Avoid hype (hyperbole). Words like “very” and
“extremely” are usually unnecessary.
● Note these singular and plural forms: criterion, criteria;
datum, data; medium, media; phenomenon, phenomena
● Don’t use “however” or its synonyms twice in one paragraph, because
changing the direction of an argument twice in one paragraph may annoy
readers.
● Don’t use “however” more than once every 10 paragraphs. Try a thesaurus
for synonyms.
● Avoid the so-called non-human agent. For example, use the authors
concluded that rather than “the study concluded that”.
● Avoid colloquialisms, such as “clear of”.
● Avoid “as such”.
Wrong: The SCAT is a reliable test of state anxiety. As such, it is suitable for
experimental studies.
Better: The SCAT is a reliable test of state anxiety; it is therefore suitable for
experimental studies.
● Avoid “her”, “his” and any other sexist language, even if the subjects are
clearly of one gender.
● Apparently (apparent) – means obviously, clearly, plainly
evident, but also means seemingly or ostensibly as well as
observably. You know the meaning that you intend, but readers
may not. Ambiguity results. Use obvious(ly), clear(ly),
seeming(ly), evident(ly), observable or observably, to remove
doubt.
● At the present time, at this point in time – Say at present or
now if necessary at all.
● Below – See comment about above.
● Compare with, compare to – Compare with means to examine
differences and similarities; compare to means to represent as
similar. One may conclude that the music of Brahms compares
to that of Beethoven, but to do that, one must first compare the
 03
Linking Markers
 SENTENCE OPENERS 2 CONJUNCTIONS

Co-ordinating Subordinating

ADDITION In addition... Moreover, ... ...and ... not only ..., but , who... , which... ,
Also, ... Apart from... also ... where... , when...
Furthermore, ...

CONTRAST However, ... ... but ... ...(and) yet... although... whereas...
Nevertheless, ... On the while... in spite of the fact
other hand, ... In contrast, ... that... despite the fact that...
Despite..

CAUSE/ EFFECT So... As a result... ...(and) so... ...(and) hence... so... so that... because... due
Consequently... Therefore... to the fact that...
Thus... Hence... For this
reason... Because of,...
 SENTENCE OPENERS 2 CONJUNCTIONS

Co-ordinating Subordinating

POSITIVE In that case,... If so,... ...and... ...and (then)... if... as/so long as...
CONDITION Then,...

CHOICE/ Alternatively, ... ...or (else)... If... not... unless...

NEGATIVE Otherwise,... Instead of …..
CONDITION Rather than ,... If not,...

TIME ORDER/ Then... Afterwards,... …(and (then)... before... after... , after

LISTING First(ly),... Second(ly),... which... when... now that...
Next,... Prior to ,...
Before ,... Finally / Lastly,...
 Exercice: count the linking markers

Learning English is not easy, but in some ways learning German

is more difficult, because German has different articles for
masculine, feminine and neuter nouns. Moreover, you have to
change the endings of adjectives, which is harder for speakers of
English than for, say, speakers of French, which also uses
adjectival endings. People say that knowing English helps you to
start to learn German, but when you have passed the basic stages,
it is less help, and knowledge of English is no help at all at
advanced level.
 Exercice: count the linking markers
Learning English is not easy, but in some ways learning German
is more difficult, because German has different articles for
masculine, feminine and neuter nouns. Moreover, you have to
change the endings of adjectives, which is harder for speakers of
English than for, say, speakers of French, which also uses
adjectival endings. People say that knowing English helps you to
start to learn German, but when you have passed the basic stages,
it is less help, and knowledge of English is no help at all at
advanced level.
Travail à faire pour la prochaine
séance
Choisissez un thème parmi la liste des thèmes
proposées. Rédigez un texte scientifique de 10-15 lignes
que vous m’enverrez avant le 22 octobre a 00:00. la
séance prochaine sera consacrée à la présentation de vos
textes et correction!

Listes de thème:
the 5G
The AI pros and cons
The RRM Field
Starlink from spaceX
 Alternative resources
Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits the one of this template:

Vector
● Collection of paper notes