Frequency

Distribution
Frequency Distributions
After collecting data, the first task for a researcher is
to organize and simplify the data so that it is possible
to get a general overview of the results.
This is the goal of descriptive statistical techniques.
One method for simplifying and organizing data is to
construct a frequency distribution.

2
Frequency Distribution Table
A device for organizing and presenting
grouped data.
When the set of data contains more than 30
the frequency table is used.
 Steps in Constructing FDT
Step 1. Find the range ( R), using
R = Highest score or value – lowest score or value
Step 2. Compute the number of intervals (k) by using the formula
k=1 + 3.3 (log N) * N = population or total no. of observation
k=√N
Step 13. Complete the class size (į), using
į=
 Try this!
The ff. scores were the results in a 60 item test in a certain class in
statistics.
33 44 32 54 59 44 49 46 53
35 43 30 57 44 43 50 45 56
34 39 28 51 43 42 49 46 52
33 41 27 52 39 44 45 47 51
34 36 31 53 31 38 42 37 48
 Steps in Constructing FDT
Step 1. Find the range ( R), using
R = Highest score or value – lowest score or value
R = 59 – 27 = 32
Step 2. Compute the number of intervals (k) by using the formula
k=1 + 3.3 (log N) * N = population or total no. of observation
k= 6.841 or 7
Step 13. Complete the class size (į), using
į=
ci f LCB UCB X

Total:
 Steps in Constructing FDT
Step 4. For the desired class interval, use
ci= lower score + (į -1)
Step 5. When the class of intervals (k) are completed determine the frequency
(f) for each class interval by counting the elements.
Step 6. Complete the Lower Class Boundaries (LCB) and Upper Class
Boundaries (UCB), using
LCB= LL – 0.5
UCB= UL + 0.5
Step 7.Compute for the class mark (X), using
X=
 ci f LCB UCB X

57-61

52-56

47-51

42-46

37-41

32-35

27-31

Total: 45
 Steps in Constructing FDT
Step 4. For the desired class interval, use
ci= lower score + (į -1)
Step 5. When the class of intervals (k) are completed determine the frequency (f) for
each class interval by counting the elements.
Step 6. Complete the Lower Class Boundaries (LCB) and Upper Class Boundaries (UCB),
using
LCB= LL – 0.5
UCB= UL + 0.5
Step 7.Compute for the class mark (X), using
X=
 ci f LCB UCB X

57-61 2

52-56 6

47-51 7

42-46 13

37-41 5

32-35 7

27-31 5

Total: 45
 Steps in Constructing FDT
Step 4. For the desired class interval, use
ci= lower score + (į -1)
Step 5. When the class of intervals (k) are completed determine the frequency (f) for
each class interval by counting the elements.
Step 6. Complete the Lower Class Boundaries (LCB) and Upper Class Boundaries (UCB),
using
LCB= LL – 0.5
UCB= UL + 0.5
Step 7.Compute for the class mark (X), using
X=
 ci f LCB UCB X

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54

47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49

42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44

37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39

32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29

Total: 45
 Cumulative Frequency Ogive
<cf- less than cumulative frequency. It is used in accumulating
frequencies of the interval containing the lowest score up to the
interval containing the highest score.
>cf- greater than cumulative frequency. It is used in accumulating
frequencies of the interval containing the highest score down to the
interval containing the lowest score.
Rf- relative frequency or the percentage frequency
Rf=x100
 ci f LCB UCB X <cf >cf Rf

57-61 2 56.5 61.5 59 45 2 4.44

52-56 6 51.5 56.5 54 43 8 13.33

47-51 7 46.5 51.5 49 37 15 15.56

42-46 13 41.5 46.5 44 30 28 28.89

37-41 5 36.5 41.5 39 17 33 11.11

32-35 7 31.5 36.5 34 12 40 15.56

27-31 5 26.5 31.5 29 5 45 11.11

Total: 45