MODULE 1

LESSON 2

IMPULSE AND
MOMENTUM
PRE-TEST
1. Two identical cars are traveling along EDSA. Which of the two cars
has a greater momentum?
a. the slower car
b. the faster car
c. both have the same momentum
d. cannot be easily determined
2. A bus and a car are traveling along EDSA with the same velocity.
Which of the two vehicles has a greater momentum?
a. the bus
b. the car
c. both have the same momentum
d. cannot be easily determined
 For questions 3 and 4, refer to the table below:
vehicle mass (kg) Velocity
(m/s)
jeepney 2000
10
3. Based on the given table above,Motorcycle
what is the momentum of the jeepney?
300
a. 6,000 kg-m/s
20
b. 40,000 kg-m/s
c. 20,000 kg-m/s
d. 3,000 kg-m/s
4. Which has a greater momentum, the jeepney or the motorcycle?
a. jeepney
b. motorcycle
c. cannot be determined
d. both have the same momentum
5. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually breaks, while the
one dropped on the grass doesn’t. Why do you think the egg dropped on the grass was not broken?
a. The change in momentum is less.
b. The change in momentum is greater.
c. The time interval for stopping is less.
d. The time interval for stopping is greater.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What makes things move?

Why do some objects move continuously while some moving objects stop suddenly?

a. which do you think would be more damaging?

b. on what factor would the impact of collision depend if their velocities
are the same?
 Momentum in a simple way is a quantity of motion. Here quantity is
measurable because if an object is moving and has mass, then it has
momentum. If an object does not move, then it has no momentum. However, in
everyday life it has importance but many people do not recognize it. Momentum
is just about every activity that involves motion.
In sports, momentum term is commonly observed. For example, when a
baseball bat hits the ball, the ball will be squished to a certain degree. After few
milliseconds, it rebounds back and some momentum is lost or transferred
elsewhere.
The momentum of a body is defined as the product of its mass and velocity
.
Momentum is a vector quantity and takes place in the direction of velocity.
SI unit of momentum is kilogram meters per second or kg. m/s.

Momentum = mass x velocity or p=mv

Where p= momentum
m = mass
v = velocity or speed
Example:

1. If a 6.0 kg bowling ball is rolled with a velocity of 3.5 m/s, what is the
momentum of the ball?
Given: m= 6.0 kg
v= 3.5 m/s
Find: p= ?

Solution:
Formula for momentum is p= mv

Then, substitute the given values to the equation

p= 6.0 kg (3.5 m/s)
p = 21 kg.m/s
EQUATION TO USE If you are looking for… If you know…

p=mv Momentum Mass and velocity

m=p/v Mass momentum and velocity

v=p/m Velocity Momentum and mass

Activity 1: Fill me
Directions: Analyze and solve the following problems. Given the following data on the
tables below, solve for the momentum using the formula: p=mv. Write your answers in
your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A bowling ball which mass is 4.0 kg is rolling at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What is its
momentum?
2. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s with a momentum of 6.0 kg-m/s. What
is its mass?
3. A baseball was thrown with a mass of 0.5 kg and a momentum of 10 kg-m/s. What is
its velocity?
Impulse
WHAT CAUSES CHANGES IN MOMENTUM?

In Physics, an external force acting on an object over a specific

time leads to change in momentum of the object.
A special name is given to the product of the force applied and
the time interval during which it acts; IMPULSE.
EXAMPLES;
Air bags in cars
Car breaks
Padded floors
Egg Carton
ACTIVITY: EGG VOLLEYBALL
OBJECTIVE: Identify the factors that affect the force of impact
on moving objects.
MATERIALS: Raw egg, plastic, handkerchief
GUIDE QUESTIONS
Yes.
1. because
Was the cushioning
the handkerchief effect
able of the the
to protect handkerchief allowed the
egg from breaking?
egg to
Why orhave
Whyan increased time of impact.
not?

2.
DueWhy would
to the an of
hardness eggthebreak
groundimmediately when it
and due t a reduced hits time
impact the
ground?
leading to an increase in impact force.
3.
TheHow was the increased
handkerchief impact force lessened
the time bytherefore
of action the uselessening
of the
handkerchief?
the impact force on the egg.
4. If a different
Depends on the material
hardness was used toofcatch
or softness the egg,surface
the landing will the
ofegg
the
break or not?
material.
Impulse
Impulse is a term that quantifies the overall effect of force acting over time.
It is conventionally given the symbol I, and expressed in Newton-seconds N.s).
For a constant force, I=F⋅Δt.

Do you still remember Newton’s Second Law of Motion? It states that the
net force is directly proportional to the mass of a body and its acceleration. In equation
form,
F = ma
v
Since 𝑎 = f − vi, then
F = m(vf– vi) / t .

Rearranging the equation will give you

Ft = mvf– mvi

Since p = mv, then

Ft = pf – pi or Ft =
Δp or
I = Δp
Δp (m Δv)
Let’s try this:

Tiger Woods hits a 0.02 kg golf ball, giving it a speed of 25 m/s.

What impulse does he impart to the ball?

Given: m = 0.02 kg
Δv = 25 m/s – 0 = 25 m/s
Find: I

Solution:
Since the golf ball is initially at rest, the initial velocity is equal to zero.
Thus,
I = Δp = mΔv
= (0.02 kg)(25 m/s)
= 0.50 kg-m/s or 0.50 Ns
 MODULE 1
LESSON 3

CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
 Conservation of momentum states that for a collision between object 1
and object 2 in an isolated system, the total momentum of the 2 objects before
the collision is equal to the momentum of the 2 objects after the collision. The
momentum lost by object 1 is equal to the momentum gained by object 2.
 Collisions happen when two objects come in direct contact with
each other. Collisions are categorized according to whether the total kinetic
energy of the system changes. Kinetic energy may be lost during the collision
when (1) it is converted to heat or other forms of energy and (2) it is spent in
producing deformation or damage such as when the two collide.

There are two types of collision: elastic collision and inelastic collision.

1. Elastic collision- the total kinetic energy of the system does not change
and colliding objects bounce off after the collision. An example is the balls in
billiard games.

2. Inelastic collision- the total kinetic energy of the system changes or

converted into another form of energy. Objects that stick together after the
collision are said to be perfectly inelastic. An example is the collision of two
cars.
 EQUATION:

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝜌𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝑚𝑣𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
0=(𝑚𝑣)1+(𝑚𝑣)2
OR
mv1 + mv2 = mv1 + mv2
Exercises:
1. An 11kg stone moving at 33 m/s strikes a second stone at rest. After a collision, the 11
kg stone is moving with a velocity of 13 m/s and the second stone is moving with a velocity
of 8 m/s. What is the mass of the second stone?

Solution:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝜌𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝑚𝑣𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣1+𝑚𝑣2=𝑚𝑣1+𝑚𝑣2
(11 kg ∗33𝑚𝑠)+(𝑚stone2∗0𝑚𝑠)=(11 kg ∗13𝑚𝑠)+(𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑟2∗8𝑚𝑠)
(363𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)+0= (143𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)+(𝑚stone2∗8𝑚𝑠)
(363𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)−(143𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)=(𝑚stone2∗8𝑚𝑠)
(220𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠)=(𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑟2∗8𝑚𝑠)
220𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠 = 𝑚stone2
8𝑚𝑠
27.5 kg= 𝑚stone2
2. A 0.5kg ball strikes a second 1.5kg ball at rest. After a collision, the 0.5 kg ball is
moving with a velocity of 13 m/s and the second ball is moving with a velocity of 8 m/s.
What is the initial velocity of the first ball?

Solution: 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝜌𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒=𝑚𝑣𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣1+𝑚𝑣2=𝑚𝑣1+𝑚𝑣2
(0.5 kg ∗𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙1)+(1.5 kg∗0𝑚𝑠)=(0.5 kg ∗13𝑚𝑠)+(1.5 kg∗8𝑚𝑠)
(0.5 kg ∗𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙1)+0=6.5 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠 + 12 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠
(0.5 kg ∗𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙1) = 18.5 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠
𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙1=18.5 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑠/0.5 kg
𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙1=37𝑚/𝑠
 ACTIVITY
Directions: Analyze and solve the problems given below.
Write your solutions in your notebook/ on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. A 300 kg car moving with a velocity of 10 m/s hits a 1000

kg parked car. The impact causes the 1000 kg car to be set
in motion at 15 m/s. Assuming that momentum is conserved
during the collision, determine the velocity of the car
immediately after the collision.
END OF PRESENTATION