SOCIAL SCIENCE

IDEAS

Malikhaing Pagsulat
General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
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 SOCIAL SCIENCES IDEAS
Kasanayan
sa Pagkatuto
1. Structural-Functionalism
2. Marxism
3. Symbolic Interactionism
4. Psychoanalysis
5. Rational Choice
6. Institutionalism
7. Feminist Theory
8. Hermeneutical Phenomenology
9. Human-Environment Systems
 STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences

General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
● COVID-19 pandemic
disrupted normal lives.
○ lockdown measures
○ wearing of face
masks
○ social distancing
● Opportunity to assess
the society

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1.What agencies/ individuals have
shown identity during this period?
2.What role do they play?
3.In what ways does this pandemic
affect our lives?

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 What’s in This Picture?
Explore Describe the roles that the people in this photo
portray.
 What is the roles of this people in
Explore our society?

The family is known for

raising an individual to
become a responsible and
virtuous member of
society.

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 What is the roles of this people in
Explore our society?

The school is often

considered the place where
individuals learn skills they
will use as they become part
of the workforce and other
social groups in the future.

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 What is the roles of this people in
Explore our society?

The government is known

for creating and
implementing policies for
the well-being of a society

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 In your opinion, how do these
Explore institutions complement each other in
order for a society to function?

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Explore

• The family can work with the school to raise a child in the
best way possible.
• The government will have to closely work with individual
families and the education sector to serve them effectively.
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 EMILE DURKHEIM
Explore
● French philosopher
● He started to think that
society was made up of
building blocks that
were focused on a
common goal.

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Explore

Individual institutions work together in service of the

whole. 13
HERBERT
SPENCER
● who was the primary
advocate of structural
functionalism.
● he compared “society to a
human body” where each
part of the body works in
harmony with all the other
parts. 14
Essential
Question

Heart, organ that serves as a pump to circulate

the blood
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Essential
Question

Lungs the main organs of the respiratory

system which allows us to breath
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What is Structural-
Functionalism? 17
 Structural-Functionalism

● views society as a complex unit

composed of many parts that come
and work together to ensure its
stability and survival.

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Structural-Functionalism

SOCIAL STRUCTURES
APPROACHES
IN
SOCIAL
STRUCTURAL-
INSTITUTIONS
FUNCTIONALISM
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

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 Structural-Functionalism

SOCIAL
APPROACHES INSTITUTIONS
IN
SOCIAL
STRUCTURAL-
INSTITUTIONS
FUNCTIONALISM
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

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 Structural-Functionalism

SOCIAL
APPROACHES INSTITUTIONS
IN
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
STRUCTURAL-
FUNCTIONALISM
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

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 Structural-Functionalism

SOCIAL
APPROACHES INSTITUTIONS
IN
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
STRUCTURAL-
FUNCTIONALISM
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

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 Structural-Functionalism

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
● An institution has a purpose and permanent, which
means that they do not end when one person is gone.
● An institution has rules and can enforce rules of
human behavior.

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 Structural-Functionalism

SOCIAL
● STRUCTURES
the interconnected
relationships of the various
social groups and institutions in
which people create and
become part of.
● major components of social
structure are statuses and
roles.
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 Structural-Functionalism

SOCIAL
● a relationship between
FUNCTIONS an individual and its
members of the society.
● any contribution to the
fulfillment of one or
more of the social
needs.

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27
 What function does social media
Essential
Questions play in your life?

Social media primarily functions

as modern means of communication among
family members, friends, and even with
institutions.

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 Would you consider social media
Essential
Questions
as a social institution?

It can be considered as a social

institution as it influences us on how
to behave towards or interact with
other people.

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Structural-Functionalism

● According to American
sociologist Robert K. Merton,
there are two types of social
functions:
○ manifest functions
○ latent functions

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 Structural-Functionalism

MANIFEST FUNCTIONS
● recognized, expected and
intended effects.
● readily attributed to a
specific social structure or
institution.
The manifest function of school
is to produce graduates.
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 Structural-Functionalism

LATENT FUNCTIONS
● unrecognized and unintended
consequences
● hidden purposes of a social
structure or institution

To develop relationships—
intimate or not. 32
 Structural-Functionalism
Manifest and Latent Functions

SOCIAL DYSFUNCTIONS
● undesirable consequence
● any action or behavior that
has negative
consequences for a group
or society.
School dropout is an example of
social dysfunction.

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EXAMPLE:
● To gather people
together in one place to
reinforce the sense of
community.

LATENT FUNCTIONS
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EXAMPLE:
● People go to church, to
pray and to hear mass.

MANIFEST FUNCTIONS

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 MANIFEST AND LATENT

Manifest – transmit
knowledge and skills.

Latent- they serve as

babysitters
EDUCATION 36
Check Your What other aspects of society
Progress
(either social structure or social
institution) exhibit both
manifest and latent functions?
Explain your answer.

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 MANIFEST AND LATENT

Manifest – is to serve and protect

the welfare of the citizens

Latent- increased police visibility,

which leads to increased
surveillance on every action of
individuals.
POLICE 38
Wrap-
Up

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 ESSENTIAL LEARNING
Wrap-
Up ● The main idea in structural functionalism is that the
society is made up of different components such as
institutions, services, and people that work together
and allow the society to function.
● As body parts have specific functions, functionalism
implies that all structure in society have their own
purpose and specific functions.
 Social media has become an important
Challenge
Yourself part of people’s lives.

• What do you think are the

manifest function and the
latent function of social
media?
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