MODULE 10: SOCIAL

RELATIONSHIPS IN
MIDDLE AND LATE
ADOLESCENTS
What is
Relationship?
It is the way in which two or more concepts, objects,
or people are connected, or the state of being
connected.
Four Main Parents/ Parental
Types of Relationships
Relationship Peer Relationship
that influence
an adolescent Community

Society
Parents/ Parental
Relationship
When children go through puberty in the United
States, there is often a significant increase in parent‐
child conflict and a decrease in cohesive familial
bonding.
Peer Relationship
As adolescents work to form their identities, they pull
away from their parents, and the peer group
becomes very important.
Peer groups offer members of the group
the opportunity to develop social skills
such as;
•Empathy
•Sharing
•Leadership
Positive Influences:
•Academic Motivation
•Performance

Negative Influences:
•Peer Pressure-to engage in drug use
•drinking
•Vandalism
•Stealing
•Other risky behavior
Romantic
Relationships
Adolescence is the developmental period during
which romantic relationships typically first emerge.
Initially, same‐sex peer groups that were common
during childhood expand into mixed‐sex peer groups
that are more characteristic of adolescence.
Romantic relationships contribute to
adolescents such as;
•Identity Formation
•Changes in family and peer
relationships
•Adolescents emotional and behavioral
adjustment
Community, Society,
and Culture
'Culture' is learned and socially shared, and it affects
all aspects of an individual’s life. Social
responsibilities, sexual expression, and belief‐system
development, for instance, are all likely to vary based
on culture.
Adolescence is a crucial period in social
development, as adolescents can be easily
swayed by their close relationships.
Adolescents in certain cultures are expected to contribute
significantly to household chores and responsibilities, while
others are given more freedom or come from families with
more privilege where responsibilities are fewer.
Adolescents begin to develop unique belief systems
through their interaction with social, familial, and cultural
environments.
Factors that The degree to which
shape adolescents are
adolescent perceived as
autonomous, or
development independent, beings
vary by varies widely in different
cultures, as do the
culture behaviors that represent
this emerging autonomy.
Factors that The lifestyle of an
shape adolescent in a
adolescent given culture is also
development profoundly shaped
vary by by the roles and
culture responsibilities he
or she is expected
to assume.
Factors that
The extent to
shape
which an
adolescent adolescent is
development expected to share
vary by family
culture responsibilities
Adolescents begin to develop unique belief
systems through their interaction with social,
familial, and cultural environments. These belief
systems encompass everything from religion and
spirituality to gender, sexuality, work ethics, and
politics. The range of attitudes that a culture
embraces on a particular topic affects the beliefs,
lifestyles, and perceptions of its adolescents, and
can have both positive and negative impacts on
their development.
TEENAGERS WHO JOIN YOUTH GROUPS AND
OTHER CLUBS ARE HAPPIER AND LESS LIKELY
TO DRINK
Teenagers who belong to clubs lead happier lives
and are less likely to drink or smoke, a study shows.
They are also more socially able and more physically
active, researchers found. International researchers
from the University of Hertfordshire advised teens to
join clubs.
Study looked at 15-year-olds across six
countries – England, Canada, Belgium, Italy,
Poland and Romania. Youngsters were two
thirds more likely to smoke if were members
of political organisations or youth clubs than
if they joined no clubs at all.
 Participation in a youth
organization has many benefits
for the youth themselves, as
BENIFITS/PROS well as for the entire
OF ENGAGING community. Organizations
IN provide young people a forum
to fully, effectively deal with an
ORGANIZATION issue that is especially
important to them, such as
youth violence or education.
However, there are a lot of
other benefits to youth groups.
BENEFITS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE:
• can help young people develop important personal and
interpersonal skills.
• can also help young people gain self-confidence and self-esteem.
• can help reduce the risk of becoming involved in unsafe activities
• can develop job skills and help them be better prepared for any job
they might choose.
• organizations give youth a "safe space", a place where they can
express themselves through arts and activities, or just by being able
to talk openly with peers and caring adults.
• Youth organizations offer opportunities for leadership
• can receive information on staying safe and healthy
• can develop a strong support network of other young people
BENIFITS FOR THE COMMUNITY:
• Youth organizations can help change public perception of
young people from being "the problem" to an important part of
making life better in the community.
• Involving young people in the community helps them see
themselves as part of the whole; they really do become less
likely to cause problems and more likely to want to look for
solutions.
• By involving young people, the community is allowing them to
carefully develop their leadership potential
• Other community organizations can often partner with youth
organizations, to mutual benefit.
COMMUNITY ACTIVITY: GET INVOLVED
Getting involved in local community activities or volunteering
can boost your confidence and self-esteem and help you build new
skills.

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES AND CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY

Community activity is part of "civic responsibility". it's about
doing things in our community because we want to feel we should,
rather than because we have to by the law: You can take civic
responsibility and be active, in your community by:
joining a Youth Club, a scouting group or a local environmental
or clean-up group
helping with a primary school play, or coordinating or coaching
junior sport
setting up an arts space for the community or getting involved
in youth radio
being part of youth advisory group through the local council
promotion causes- for example, clean environment, recycling,
get active in sports.
 It doesn't matter what you do. Any involvement is
good! Wh en you get involved in community
What can activities, you get a lot of personal rewards and

you get feelings of achievement.

from Role Models- by getting involved with the community activities you can come into
contact with like-minded peers and positive adult role models other than your
getting parents.
Identify and Connection- being involved in community activities can give you a
involved in positive way of understanding who you are. As a result you might come to see yourself
as helpful, generous, political or just a good person in general. It can also help you
community create a sense of being connected to your local community and the wider world.
Skills-community activities give you a chance to apply the skills you already have.
activities? Voluntary work and community activities are great opportunities to show initiative and
develop skills to get a job.
Self-confidence, Mental Health and Wellbeing- community activities can boost
one's self-confidence. You can learn to deal with challenges, communicate with
different people and build up your life skills and abilities in a supportive environment.
These positive feeling can help protect you from sadness and depression. It can also
reduce the likelihood of substance abuse, mental illness, and criminal activity.
LESSONS ON LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP
FROM FABLES

Aesop
- a Greek Philosopher who is devoted
on making Fables stories which a lot of
real-life lessons can be learned.
Some of his notable works includes:
• The Farmer and the Stork
• The Hunter and the Woodsman
• Bear and man lying down
• Goatherd and the Wild Goats
• The Gnat and the Bull
• The Man and the Little Cat
 LESSONS ON LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP
FROM FABLES
1. The Farmer and the Stork

A huge number of cranes have been captured by a farmer.

Their purpose was to pick and eat up the newly planted seeds.
However, a stork was trapped also. The stork begged for freedom.
He tried his best to convince the farmer but unfortunately, he
failed. Finally, the farmer replied to the stork that he was caught
together with robbers, referring to the cranes, enough to say that
he came with them with the same purpose. Hence, the stork
together with the cranes will be punished.

Lesson: Once you are in a group, you can achieve what others
gained as well as you will be affected by the drawbacks/ challenges
in the group.
 LESSONS ON LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP
FROM FABLES

2.The Hunter and the Woodsman

A hunter was looking for the tracks of a lion. He then asked the
woodsman in the forest if he had seen any footsteps or if he has
knowledge of where his lair was. The woodsman replied to him
back that he will soon tell the hunter when he saw a lion. But the
hunter eventually fell in fear and refuses his offer because he was
only on the tracks and not the lion himself.

Lesson: Follow what has been instructed to you by your superior.

Give instructions in a specific manner.
 LESSONS ON LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP
FROM FABLES
3. Bear and Man Lying Down
Two men were traveling together when suddenly, a bear met
them on their path. One of them climbed up to a tree and
concealed himself. The other one, knowing that he must be
attacked, lay flat on the ground and held his breath to lure as if
he appeared to be dead. The bear came, felt and smell him all
over his body, and soon left him for the bear will never touch a
dead body. Afterward, the friend was then descended from the
tree and asked him with curiosity, "what was the bear whispered
in his ear?". He said to his friend that the bear gave him advice to
not travel with a friend who leaves him in times of danger.
Lesson: As a member of a group, you should be responsible to
your co-members by showing you care for them. Never leave
them on purpose.
 LESSONS ON LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP
FROM FABLES

4. Goatherd and the Wild Goats

A goatherd put his Goats with wild Goats and prized the wild
and so fed them better than his hoping they would stay. They did
not and his Goats suffered. Old friends should not be sacrificed
for new ones.

LESSON: It is unwise to treat old friends badly for the sake of new
ones.
 LESSONS ON LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP
FROM FABLES

5. The Gnat and the Bull

A Gnat flew over the meadow with much buzzing for so small
a creature and settled on the tip of one of the horns of a Bull.
After he had rested a short time, he made ready to fly away. But
before he left he begged the Bull's pardon for having used his
horn for a resting place.

LESSON: One should not place self-importance before courtesy.

We are often of greater importance in our own eyes than in the
eyes of our neighbors.
 LESSONS ON LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP
FROM FABLES

6. The Man and the Little Cat

The old man continued to help the cat anyway until he

finally succeeded, And then he turned to the other man and
said, “Son, it is a cat's instincts that make him scratch, and it is
my job to love and care”.

LESSON: Treat everyone around you with your ethics, not

with theirs. Treat others the way you want to be treated
WHAT IS SERVANT LEADERSHIP?

Servant leadership is a leadership

philosophy built on the belief that the most
effective leaders strive to serve others,
rather than accrue power or take control.

Example Abraham Lincoln is one example

of a servant leader. Lincoln's actions during
the US Civil War are often cited as prime
examples of servant leadership behavior
"THE SERVANT AS A LEADER"
• It is a classic essay written by ROBERT K.
GREENLEAF and was published in 1970.
• In that essay, Greenleaf coined the words
"servant-leader" and "servant-leadership"
• Greenleaf's concept about the servant-
leader was stimulated by his reading of
"Journey to the East" by Herman Hesse. It is
the story of a group travelers who were
served by Leo, who did their mental chores
and lifted them with his spirit and song.
"THE SERVANT AS A LEADER"
• In the essay, Greenleaf said: "This story
clearly says- the great leader is seen as
servant first, and that simple fact is the key
to his greatness.
• The 'desire to serve' is a single
characteristic of the servant-leader that
stands out in Greenleaf's essay.
IMPORTANT DETAILS IN
GREENLEAF’S "THE
SERVANT AS A LEADER"

• According to Greenleaf, a great

leader is a servant first.
• A leader is open for suggestions.
• Create a culture of trust.
•Have an unselfish mindset.
•Foster leadership in others.
ELEMENTS THAT ARE MOST UNIQUE TO
SERVANT RELATIONSHIP COMPARED
WITH OTHER THEORIES
1) The Moral Component — not only in terms of the personal
morality and integrity of the servant-leader, but also in terms of
the way in which a servant-leader encourages enhanced moral
reasoning among his or her followers, who can therefore test
the moral basis of the servant-leader's visions and
organizational goals.
2) The Focus on Serving Followers for Their Own Good — not
just the good of the organization, and forming long-term
relationships with follower, encouraging the growth and
development so that over time they may reach their fullest
potential.
3) Concern with the Success of All Stakeholders —
employees, customers, business partners, communities, and
society as a whole including those who are the least privileged.
4) Self-Reflection — as a counter to the leader's hubris.
Servant Leadership is not about "I" --
nor is it about "we" -- it is about
"them."
- Jim Lindell