WELCOME

A Presentation on
Transmission Media & Guided Media
Presented To
Habiba Sultana
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh

Presented By
1. Rayhan Mahmud Kabir Sanzid
Roll No:19102011
Reg No:7730
2. Somya Aktar Smrity
Roll No:19102024
Reg No:7743
3. Shariful Islam
Roll No:19102036
Reg No:7755
4. Md.Ashikur Rahman Ashik
Roll No:19102042
Reg No:7761
5. Sumon Parvez
Roll No:18102042
Reg No:6753
6. Malobika Yesmin Tithi
Roll No:17102007
Reg No:5684
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh
 OUTLINES
• Introduction to Transmission Media.
• Factors need to be considered for designing the Transmission Media.
• Causes of Transmission impairment.
• Types of Transmission Media.
• Introduction to Guided Media.
• Types of Guided Media.
• Application and types of Twisted Pair.
• Application and types of Coaxial Cable.
• Application and types of Fiber Optic Cable.
• Comparison among Twisted pair, Co-axial and Fiber Optic Cable.
 WHAT IS TRANSMISSION MEDIA

• The transmission media can be defined as a pathway that can transmit information from a
sender to a receiver.
• It is a physical path for data transfer through electromagnetic signals.
• Transmission media are also called communication channels.
 DESCRIPTION OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
• Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are controlled by the physical
layer.
 FACTORS NEED TO BE CONSIDERED FOR DESIGNING THE
TRANSMISSION MEDIA.

• Bandwidth: All the factors are remaining constant, the greater the bandwidth of a medium,
the higher the data transmission rate of a signal.
• Transmission impairment: When the received signal is not identical to the transmitted one
due to the transmission impairment. The quality of the signals will get destroyed due to
transmission impairment.
• Interference: An interference is defined as the process of disrupting a signal when it travels
over a communication medium on the addition of some unwanted signal.
 CAUSES OF TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENT.

• Attenuation: Attenuation means the loss of energy, i.e., the strength of the signal decreases
with increasing the distance which causes the loss of energy.
• Distortion: Distortion occurs when there is a change in the shape of the signal. This type of
distortion is examined from different signals having different frequencies. Each frequency
component has its own propagation speed, so they reach at a different time which leads to
the delay distortion.
• Noise: When data is travelled over a transmission medium, some unwanted signal is added
to it which creates the noise.
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
 GUIDED MEDIA

• Guided Transmission Media is the physical medium through which the signals are
transmitted.
• They comprise cables or wires through which data is transmitted.
• They provide a physical conduit from the sender device to the receiver device.
• The signal traveling through these media are bounded by the physical limits of the medium.
• Guided transmission media are also called bounded media or wired media.
 TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA
• There are three types of Guided Transmission Media:
I. Twisted Pair cable
II. Coaxial cable
III. Fiber Optic Cable
 TWISTED PAIR CABLE
• Twisted pair cables have two conductors that are generally made up of copper and each
conductor has insulation.
• These two conductors are twisted together, thus giving the name twisted pair cables.One of
the conductors is used to carry the signal and the other is used as a ground reference only.
• The receiver uses the difference of signals between these two conductors.
• The noise or crosstalk in the two parallel conductors is high but this is greatly reduced in
twisted pair cables due to the twisting characteristic.
 TYPES OF TWISTED PAIR CABLE
• There are two types of twisted pair cable:
I. Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable (UTP)
II. Shielded Twisted Pair Cable (STP)
 UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLE
• These are a pair of two insulated copper wires twisted together without any other insulation or
shielding and hence are called unshielded twisted pair cables.
• They reduce the external interference due to the presence of insulation.
• Unshielded twisted pair cables are arranged in pairs so that we can add a new connection
whenever required.
• The DSL or telephone lines in our houses have one extra pair in them.
• When UTP are arranged in pairs, each pair is coded with a different color as defined by the 25-
pair color code developed by AT&T Corporation.
• The Electronic Industries Association divides UTP into 7 categories based on some standards.
• Categories are based upon cable quality where 1 is the highest quality and 7 is the lowest
quality. Each cable in a category is put to a different use as needed.
 SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLE
• These types of cables have extra insulation or protective covering over the conductors in the
form of a copper braid covering.
• This covering provides strength to the overall structure of the cable.
• It also reduces noise and signal interference in the cable.
• The shielding ensures that the induced signal can be returned to the source via ground and
only circulate around the shield without affecting the main propagating signal.
• The STP cables are also color-coded like the UTP cables as different color pairs are required
for analog and digital transmission.
• These cables are costly and difficult to install.
 APPLICATION OF TWISTED PAIR CABLE
• Twisted Pair cables are used in telephone lines to provide data and voice channels.
• The DSL lines make use of these cables.
• Local Area Networks (LAN) also make use of twisted pair cables.
• They can be used for both analog and digital transmission.
• RJ-45 is a very common application of twisted pair cables.
 COAXIAL CABLE
• It contains two conductors parallel to each other.
• Higher frequency as compared to Twisted pair cable.
• Inner conductor of the coaxial cable is made up of copper
• The outer conductor is made up of copper mesh.
• The middle core is made up of non-conductive cover.It is responsible for the data
transferring whereas the copper mesh prevents from the EMI(Electromagnetic interference).
 TYPES OF COAXIAL CABLE
• Coaxial cable is of two types:
I. Baseband transmission: It is defined as the process of transmitting a single signal at high speed.
II. Broadband transmission: It is defined as the process of transmitting multiple signals
simultaneously.
 APPLICATION OF COAXIAL CABLE
• The coaxial cables are used in Ethernet LANs and also used in MANs
• Television: Coaxial cable used for television would be 75 Ohm and RG-6 coaxial cable.
• Internet: Coaxial cables are also used for carrying internet signals, RG-6 cables are used for
this.
• CCTV: The coaxial cables are also used in CCTV systems and both RG-59 AND RG-6
cables can be used.
• Video: The coaxial cables are also used in video Transmission the RG-6 is used for better
digital signals and RG-59 for lossless transmission of video signals.
• HDTV: The HDTV uses RG-11 as it provides more space for signals to transfer.
 FIBER OPTIC CABLE

• Uses electrical signals for communication.

• Holds the optical fibers coated in plastic that are used to send the data by pulses of light.
• The plastic coating protects the optical fibers from heat, cold, electromagnetic interference
from other types of wiring.
• Fiber optics provide faster data transmission than copper wires.
 FIBER OPTIC CABLE

Figure: Fiber Optic Cable

 APPLICATION OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE
• Telecommunications companies use optical fiber to transmit telephone signals, Internet
communication, and cable television signals.
• They are also used in other industries, including medical, defense, government, industrial
and commercial.
• In addition to serving the purposes of telecommunications, it is used as light guides, for
imaging tools, lasers, hydrophones for seismic waves, SONAR, and as sensors to measure
pressure and temperature.
COMPARISON AMONG TWISTED PAIR,
COAXIAL & FIBER OPTIC CABLE
THANK YOU