CRM INITIAL - 2019

Alexey Yushin alexis@notechs.aero

NOTECHS http://notechs.aero
INTRODUCTIONS

 My name is Alexey Yushin

 I’m 42 years old living together with my girlfriend in
Prague
 My flying experience 7000+ A320 in the airlines (8500+
total), currently flying A320 SAS Ireland as a freelance
captain
 My experience with CRM is 7 years CRM instructor, A320
TRI, freelance MCC instructor
 My hobbies are music, horses, skydiving, kite-surfing,
motor-bike.
PRACTICAL GOALS
 By the end of this training you will understand how human factors can affect the safety of your
flight and will be able to use a number of simple and effective techniques to diminish human
error in your operation and therefore conduct a safer and more efficient flight.

 Additionally, you will be able to identify and avoid threats, detect and trap errors and be
prepared to mitigate any undesirable aircraft states during your flight to prevent an
incident/accident from happening.

 SOPs, DODAR, NITS, (interactive) Briefings,

Feedback, TEM, Stabilized Approach, Structured
abnormals
WHY DO PILOTS CRASH?

Misc.
ATC
Maintenance
Weather

Airplane

Flightcrew

77%
IN THE DAYS OF EARLY TECHNOLOGY, HUMAN
ERROR
WAS THE CAUSE OF MANY SAFETY RELATED
INCIDENTS
Human errors continued to repeat
even with advanced technology
WHAT IS CRM?
Team Skills Synergy Assertiveness

Team Building Leadership Style

Leadership

Authority

Human error Problem Solving

Human Factor Decision Making
Error Chain Risk Assessment
Case Based Studies
Automation

Communication Processes

Workload Management
Communication Barriers Information
Communication
Acquisition

Effective Briefings Situational Awareness

Threat & Error management

EASA REQUIREMENTS - AMC1 ORO.FC.115, 215
Human factors Assertiveness Leadership, cooperation, synergy

HPL Shared situation awareness Decision-making

Threat and error management Shared information processing Resilience development

Personality Automation Surprise and startle effect

Human error Type-related differences Cultural differences

Attitudes, behaviors Monitoring and intervention Safety culture

Self-assessment, critique Workload management SOPs

Stress and stress management Delegation Organizational factors

Effective communication and

Fatigue and vigilance Case studies
coordination
HISTORY OF CRM
1997 Threat and Error
Management (TEM)

AQP Program (USA)

1990 Third Generation CRM

1986 Crew Resource

Management

1981 Cockpit Resource

Management
THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT

1997 Threat and Error Universal

Management (TEM) Rationale?
• Realization of Error Management as necessity
• Human Error inevitable
• CRM seen as set of Error Countermeasures
• Three lines of defense (Avoidance, Trapping, Mitigation)
• Organizations must formally commit to TEM
• Non-punitive approach needed to be successful
• Pilot’s Union participation required
• Previous CRM models need to be „upgraded“
TEM
NOTECHS BEHAVIOR MARKERS
 Co-operation
 Team Building and maintaining
 Considering Others
 Supporting Others
 Conflict Solving

 Management & Leadership

 Providing and maintaining standards
 Planning and Co-ordination
 Workload Management

 Situational Awareness
 Awareness of aircraft systems
 Awareness of external environment
 Awareness of time

 Decision Making
 Problem definition and diagnosis
 Option generation
 Risk assessment and option selection
 Outcome review
NOTECHS MARKS

 Very Poor
 Behaviour directly endangers flight safety

 Poor
 Behaviour in other conditions could endanger flight safety

 Acceptable
 Behaviour does not endanger flight safety but needs improvement

 Good
 Behaviour enhances flight safety

 Very Good
 Behaviour optimally enhances flight safety
and could serve as an example for other pilots
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

 What is communication?
 Communication in the cockpit
 Communication barriers
 Active listening
 Radio-telephony
 Briefings (Interactive briefings)
 NITS
 Feedback & Critique
 PA - Public Announcements
SOPS

 Why have SOPs?

 Good SOPs
 Bad SOPs
 SOPs deviations