List different people in a school

and their primary job duties

 Do you think that these people play an important
role in making the school successful? In what way?

Is leadership in school the sole responsibility

of only the President or Principal?
 How do the different jobs work together to
make the school successful?

Are there people in the government who have

primary job duties to shape the country?

Do you think it is important that these officials

have separate powers to fulfill their duties? Why?
THE PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT
BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT
ART. II SEC. 1 OF THE 1987 PHIL.
CONSTITUTION

The Philippines is a democratic and republican

State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all
government authority emanates from them.
DEMOCRACY

democracy, literally, rule by the people.

The term is derived from the Greek
dēmokratia, which was coined
from dēmos (“people”) and kratos (“rule”)
REPUBLIC
 A republican government is a democratic government by
representatives chosen by the people at large. The
essence, therefore, of a republican state is indirect rule.

 The people have established the government to govern

themselves. Its officers from the highest to the lowest are
servants of the people and not their masters.
MANIFESTATIONS OF A
DEMOCRATIC AND
REPUBLICAN STATE
 1. The existence of the bill of rights;
 2. The observance of the rule of majority;
 3. The observance of the principle that ours is a government of laws
and not of men;
 4. Presence of election through popular will;
 5. Separation of Powers- In essence, separation of powers means that
legislation belongs to Congress, execution to the executive, settlement of legal
controversies to the judiciary. Each is prevented from invading the domain of
others. (Bernas, Commentary 656, 2003 ed.) The reason for this is that, being
a democratic country, the powers are distributed to three co-equal branches
and are independent and supreme in their own sphere and they are not
allowed to encroach upon the authority of the other two.

 6. Checks and balances- The Constitution fixes certain limits on the

independence of each department. In order that these limits may be observed,
the Constitution gives each department certain powers by which it may
definitely restrain the other from exceeding their authority. A system of
checks and balances is thus formed. This is manifested when one branch of
the government may check the function of the other but not to the extent that
it would undermine the other‘s independence.
 7. The observance of the law in public offices
-Article XI Section 1:Public office is a public trust. Public officers
and employees must, at all times, be accountable to the people, serve
them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act
with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.

 8. State cannot be sued without its consent

THREE BRANCHES OF THE
GOVERNMENT
 Three Branches of Government
Legislative Executive Judiciary
Legislative power The executive power Judicial power includes the
is the authority to is the power to duty of the courts of justice to
make laws and to enforce and settle actual controversies
alter or repeal administer the laws. involving rights which are
them. legally demandable and
As to enforceable, and to determine
their whether or not there has been
power a grave abuse of discretion
amounting to lack or excess of
jurisdiction on the part of any
branch or instrumentality of
the Government.
 Three Branches of Government

Legislative Executive Judiciary

Legislature’s The executive The Judiciary is the one

function is to branch is the one who is in charge of
enact, amend, or in charge in the application and
repeal a law. implementation of interpretation of laws.
As to the laws and state.
their
Function
 Three Branches of Government
Legislative Executive Judiciary
The Congress of The Executive power Judicial power shall be vested in
the Philippines is shall be vested in the one Supreme Court and in such
a bicameral President of the lower courts as may be
body composed of Philippines. Aside from established by law.
a Senate and the President, it also
House of includes Vice President, • Lower Collegiate Courts
Representatives, the Cabinet, executive • Regular Courts
As to their the first being departments,
Composition considered as the independent agencies, • Muslim Courts
boards, commissions,
upper house and and committees.
the second the
lower house.
 Three Branches of Government
Legislative Executive Judiciary
1. House of the Senate-
24 Senators headed
by a Senate
It is headed by the Supreme Court has a Chief
President, who is
President who is Justice as its head and 14
chosen by the senate
directly elected by Associate Justices, all
themselves.
the people assisted appointed by the president on
As to the 2. House of
by the Vice the recommendation of the
Officials Representatives- 300
President, who is Judicial and Bar Council.
members, either
also elected, and by Other court types of courts, of
district or party-list
the cabinet members varying jurisdiction around the
representatives
who are appointed archipelago.
by the President.
 ACTIVITY
Complete the chart below by identifying which branch of government
possess each of the powers, functions, and compositions.

Power/Function/ Branch of Government

Composition (i.e., Legislative, Executive,
Judicial)
1. Signs bills into law
2.House of representatives
3. Vetoes bills
4. Declares state of war
5. Applies and interprets laws
 ACTIVITY
Complete the chart below by identifying which branch of government
possess each of the powers, functions, and compositions.

Power/Function/ Branch of Government

Composition (i.e., Legislative, Executive,
Judicial)
6. Sandiganbayan
7. The Cabinet
8. Responsible for making and
amending laws
9. Philippine Congress
10. Declares laws
unconstitutional