Wifi in Wireless

Communication
Presented by: Devansh Dave (20EC435)
 Introduction

 Wireless Fidelity is a wireless technology that allows devices to connect to the internet
without the use of physical cables.
 It operates using radio waves [2.4 - 5GHz] and enables data transmission over short
distances.
 Wifi networks and device data can be secured with standards like WPA2 and WPA3
 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is typically used to connect multiple devices to a
single network at a particular area.
 Wifi is inter-operable i.e. the standardized Wi-Fi protocol is implemented worldwide
enabling devices from different manufacturers to connect and share data.
 Wifi forms a backbone of IoT development creating multiple remote sensors nodes and
enabling it the communicate to the central processor or server via Wifi communication.
 Evolution of Wifi

Wifi standard Year Data rates Frequency band Applications

802.11b 1999 11 Mbps 2.4 GHz Initial deployments
802.11a 1999 54 Mbps 5 GHz Home networks, early laptops
802.11g 2003 54 Mbps 2.4 GHz Expanded in Home and business
use
802.11n (MIMO) 2009 600 Mbps 2.4 / 5 GHz HD video streaming and online
gaming
802.11ac 2013 3.5 Gbps 5 GHz Corporate offices and public
networks
802.11ax 2019 10 Gbps 5 GHz Smart home and IoT
(OFDMA)
802.11ay Future Even faster data 6 GHz UHD video streaming and
(Wifi 6E) rates Autonomous vehicles.
 Key components used in Wi-Fi

 Wireless Router: It is a central hub used to connect multiple devices and provide internet to them.
 Access Points: Used to extend the range of a Wi-Fi network in large spaces.
 Wireless network adapters: These enable a device to connect to Wi-Fi network. They can either be
installed in the devices as drivers or added externally via a USB network adapter.
 Antennas: Transmit and Receive radio waves and are used to enhance signal strength and range of
Wi-Fi network.
 Modem: It connects to the Internet service provider and provides internet to the router.
 Network protocols: Protocols like TCP/IP are a set of rules that govern how data is transmitted over a
Wi-Fi network.
 Firmware: Routers and access points runs a dedicated software to manage network settings, security
and user access.
 Security Features: WPA2 and WPA3 are used to protect the Wi-Fi networks from unauthorized access
and data breaches.
 Challenges to Wifi

 Interference: WiFi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, which are shared with other devices like
microwave ovens, cordless phones, and neighboring WiFi networks. Interference from these devices can disrupt WiFi signals, leading to
slower speeds and dropped connections.
 Limited Range: WiFi signals have limited range, and their strength decreases as you move farther from the router or access point.
Obstacles like walls and buildings can also reduce the effective range of a WiFi network.
 Security Concerns: WiFi networks are susceptible to security breaches if not properly configured and secured. Unauthorized access,
eavesdropping, and data breaches are potential risks. It's essential to use encryption protocols (e.g., WPA2, WPA3) and strong passwords
to protect WiFi networks.
 Signal Strength and Dead Zones: Some areas within a building may have weak or no WiFi signal, often referred to as dead zones. This
can be due to structural interference or the limitations of the router's coverage.
 Bandwidth Limitations: Even with the latest WiFi standards like WiFi 6, there are limits to the amount of data that can be transmitted
over a WiFi connection. High bandwidth demands from multiple devices can lead to network congestion.
 Device Compatibility: Older devices may not support the latest WiFi standards, and this can limit their performance on a modern
network. Compatibility issues can result in slower speeds and reduced network efficiency.
 Network Congestion: In crowded places such as airports, stadiums, and shopping malls, multiple users connecting to the same WiFi
network can lead to congestion and slower speeds, making it challenging to maintain a reliable connection.
 Conclusion

Wifi has transformed the way we communicate and connect. Its convenience, mobility, and
scalability have made it an integral part of our modern world. While challenges exist,
continuous advancements like Wifi 6 and future possibilities like Wifi 6E and IoT integration
promise an even brighter future for wireless communication. Let's embrace the power of Wifi
and unlock its full potential for a connected future.
Thank You