Distinguishing Plant Phyla

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Bryophyta (Mosses)
• Non-vascular plants (lack true roots, stems, and leaves).
• Small in size.
• Require moist environments.
• Reproduction via spores
• Height: Low, typically a few centimeters tall.
• Vascular Tissue: Absent (non-vascular).
• Leaf Structure: Simple leaves with no true veins.
• Root Structure: No true roots; have rhizoids.
• Reproductive Structure: Produce sporophytes with spore capsules
Filicinophyta (Ferns)
• Vascular plants with true roots, stems, and leaves.
• Reproduction involves spores.
• Often found in damp, shaded areas
• Height: Larger, can range from a few centimeters to several meters
tall.
• Vascular Tissue: Vascular; possess true roots, stems, and leaves.
• Leaf Structure: Fronds with complex, often divided leaves.
• Root Structure: True roots.
• Reproductive Structure: Sporangia clusters on the undersides of fronds
Coniferophyta
(Conifers)
• Vascular plants with needle-like or scale-like leaves.
• Produce cones for reproduction.
• Typically evergreen.
• Adapted to various climates, including cold
regionsHeight: Varies from small shrubs to tall trees,
e.g., sequoias.
• Vascular Tissue: Vascular with well-developed xylem
and phloem.
• Leaf Structure: Needle-like or scale-like leaves.
• Root Structure: Well-developed true roots.
• Reproductive Structure: Cones for seed production
Angiospermophyta (Angiosperms)
• Vascular plants with flowers and seeds enclosed in fruits.
• Most diverse and widespread plant group.
• Two major subclasses: Monocots and Dicots#
• Height: Highly variable, from tiny wildflowers to towering trees.
• Vascular Tissue: Vascular; well-developed xylem and phloem.
• Leaf Structure: Diverse leaf types, including simple and compound leaves.
• Root Structure: True roots, which may vary in structure.
• Reproductive Structure: Flowers with seeds enclosed in fruits