Reasoning and Writing

Proofs

M8GE-Iii-j-1
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
use inductive or deductive reasoning in an
argument;
write a direct and indirect proof; and
apply the concepts of reasoning and writing a
proof in real-life.
 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning involves looking for pattern

through specific examples and writing conjectures
for all cases.

A conjecture refers to an unproven statement that is

based on observation and known information.
Inductive Reasoning

EXAMPLE 1: Study the pattern below and draw

the next figure.

Answer:
Inductive Reasoning

EXAMPLE 2: Describe the rule in the sequence and

identify the next three numbers based on the
pattern.

1. 5, 10, 15, 20,…

2. 1/3, 1/6, 1/12, 1/24,…
3. 1, 4, 9, 16,…
Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning uses accepted properties, valid

definitions and known facts to form a specific
conclusion. It has two parts:
Hypothesis – the statement which is accepted or
known at the beginning.
Conclusion – the statement drawn from the
hypothesis.
Deductive Reasoning

EXAMPLE 3: Write a valid conclusion from each

given situation.
a. If the measure of an angle is greater than 90
but less than 180, then it is an obtuse angle.
The measure of <K is 156.

Conclusion: <K is an obtuse angle.

Deductive Reasoning

EXAMPLE 3: Write a valid conclusion from each

given situation.
b. If a number is divisible by 2, then it is even.
Let 13 be an odd number.

Conclusion: 13 is not divisible by 2.

Deductive Reasoning

EXAMPLE 3: Write a valid conclusion from each

given situation.
c. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides.
A rhombus is a quadrilateral.

Conclusion: A rhombus has four sides.

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

REMEMBER:
Inductive reasoning uses specific examples to
arrive at a general rule, generalization or
conclusion.

Deductive reasoning uses basic and/or general

statements to arrive at a specific conclusion.
 Answer
Independent Activity 1
page 15
 ASYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY
Independent Assessment 1 (page 16)
Assessment (pages 21-22)