The Basics of Public Health

Brenda M. Joly, PhD

Maine Center for Public Health
 Overview
• Format

• Questions to be addressed:
– What is public health?
– What is a public health system?
– Why take a public health approach?
– Can public health make a difference?
 Learner Objectives
• By the end of this presentation,
participants will be able to…
1. Define public health

2. List the determinants of health

3. Identify one example of local or state

public health practice
What is Public Health?
• Definitions vary

• Key terms
– Population health
– Prevention
Public Health in the US
~Vision~
Healthy People in Healthy Communities

~Mission~
Promote physical and mental health
and
Prevent disease, injury, disability
 Public Health…
• Prevents epidemics and the spread
of disease

• Protects against environmental

hazards

• Responds to disasters and assists

communities in recovery
 Public Health…

• Prevents injuries

• Promotes healthy behaviors

• Assures the quality and

accessibility of health services
A Public Health System
• Who?
– Public entities
– Private entities
– Voluntary entities

• What?
– A network
The Public Health System
Police
Home Health
EMS Community Churches Corrections
Centers MCOs
Health
Department
Parks

Schools
Elected
Doctors Hospitals Officials Nursing Mass Transit
Philanthropist Homes
Environmental
Civic Groups Health
CHCs Fire
Tribal Health
Economic
Laboratory Drug Mental Employers
Development
Facilities Treatment Health
 Workforce
• Diverse and Multidisciplinary
• Examples…
 Biostatisticians

 Dieticians

 Environmental Health Specialists

 Behavioral Health Specialists

Core Components
POLICY
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT DEVELOPMENT
ofofthe
thehealth
healthofof in the public’s
the
thecommunity
community interest

ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
ofofthe
thepublic’s
public’s
health
health
10 Essential Services
1. Monitor health status
to identify community
health problems

2. Diagnose and investigate

health problems and health
hazards in the community
10 Essential Services
3. Inform, educate, and
empower people about
health issues

4. Mobilize community partnerships

to identify and solve
health problems
10 Essential Services
5. Develop policies and
plans that support
health efforts

6. Enforce laws and regulations that

protect health and
ensure safety
10 Essential Services
7. Link people to personnel
health services and
assure the provision of
health care

8. Assure a competent public health

and health care
workforce
10 Essential Services
9. Evaluate the effectiveness,
accessibility, and quality
of services

10. Research for new insights and

innovative solutions to
health problems
Public Health Approach
Public Health Medical
Model Versus Model
Determinants of Health
Determinants of Health
• Genetic
• Behavioral
• Social
• Environmental
• Personal
health care
 Achievements
• Vaccination

• Safer Workplaces

• Safer & Healthier Food

• Motor Vehicle Safety

 Achievements
• Control of Infectious
Diseases

• Family Planning

• Decline in Deaths from

Heart Disease & Stroke
 Achievements
• Recognition of Tobacco
Use as a Health Hazard

• Healthier Mothers and

Babies

• Fluoridation of Drinking
Water