INTRODUCTION TO GAS

TURBINE MATERIALS

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CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AEROSPACE
MATERIALS

 SERVICE TEMPERATURE

 CORROSION AND OXIDATION RESISTANCE

 STRENGTH (UTS AND YIELD STRENGTH)

 RESILIENCE AND TOUGHNESS

 FATIGUE RESISTANCE – LCF, HCF, THERMAL

 CREEP RESISTANCE

 STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO

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MATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE
APPLICATIONS

 1. METALLIC MATERIALS

 2. NON-METALLIC MATERIALS

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METALLIC MATERIALS

 STEEL

 LOW ALLOY STEELS – EN-24, S-106,

S-132 ETC.

 HIGH ALLOY STEELS – S-130

(AUSTENITIC), S-80 (MARTENSITIC),

 MARVAL 18 (MARRAGING STEEL)-

CORROSION RESISTANT 5
 METALLIC MATERIALS

NICKEL BASE SUPER ALLOYS (HIGH

TEMPERATURE APPLICATION)
 NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOYS –
NIMONIC-75 (750OC)

 NICKEL-CHROMIUM-IRON ALLOYS –
SU-718 (650OC)

 NICKEL-CHROMIUM –COBALT
ALLOYS – NIMONIC-8OA, NIMONIC-90,
SU-263 (800OC), CM-247 (1000O C)

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METALLIC MATERIALS

 ALUMINIUM ALLOYS ( LOW

TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS)

 ALUMINIUM ALLOYS – LM
11, RR 350 ETC.

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 METALLIC MATERIALS
TITANIUM ALLOYS (REDUCTION OF WEIGHT)
 TITANIUM ALLOY Ti-64 (Ti-6Al-4V) –
SHEETS, BARS, FORGINGS (300OC)

 TITANIUM ALLOY Ti-550 (Ti-

4Al-2Sn-0.5Si)- FORGINGS (450OC)

 TITANIUM ALLOY Ti-685

(Ti-6AL-5ZR-0.5Mo-0.5Si)-
FORGINGS, BARS (520OC)

 TITANIUM ALLOY OT 4-1

(Ti-1.5Al-0.8Mn-0.15Si-0.3Zr)-SHEETS
(200OC)

 TITANIUM ALLOY GTM-900 (Ti-

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O
NON METALLIC MATERIALS

 ABRADABLE,
NON-ABRADABLE, THERMAL
BARRIER COATING MATERIALS
(IN POWDER FORM )

 SEALANT MATERIALS –
CARBON / GRAPHITE

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NON-METALLIC MATERIALS

 COMPOSITE MATERIALS

 CARBON FIBER/GLASS FIBER

REINFORCED PLASTICS (CFRP/GFRP)

 METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

(MMC)

 CERAMIC METAL COMPOSITES

(CMC ) 10
APPLICATION OF MATERIALS
IN AEROSPACE
 1. EN-24 - SHAFTS, FLANGES ETC.

 2. S-106/ S-132 – SHAFTS, GEARS

ETC.

 3. S-130 – FILTERS, FLANGES, RINGS ETC.

 4. MARVAL-18 – SHAFTS

 5. S-80 – FASTENERS

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 APPLICATION OF
MATERIALS IN AEROSPACE

 NICKEL BASE SUPER ALLOYS

 1. SU-718 – COMPRESSOR DISCS AND

BLADES

 2. SU-263 – COMBUSTION CHAMBER

AND ITS PARTS

 3. CM-247 – TURBINE BLADES

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 APPLICATION OF MATERIALS IN
AEROSPACE

 TITANIUM ALLOYS

 1. TI-64 – LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOR

DISCS AND BLADES

 2. TI-685 – HIGH COMPRESSOR DISCS

AND BLADES

 3. TI-550 – HIGH PRESSURE

COMPRESSOR BLADES

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INTRODUCTION TO GAS TURBINE
MATERIALS

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APPLICATION OF MATERIALS IN
AEROSPACE

 NON-METALLIC MATERIALS

 1. THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS FOR

COMBUSTION LINERS, WEAR
 RESISTANT COATINGS FOR
COMPRESSORS AND SPACER DRUMS ETC.

 2. CARBON / GRAPHITE SEALS FOR

BEARING HOUSING

 3. COMPOSITE MATERIALS – AIR FRAMES,

BLADES ETC. 15
HEAT TREATMENT OF NICKEL BASE AND
TITANIUM ALLOYS

 HEAT TREATMENT IS A SEQUENCE OF HEATING

AND COOLING CYCLES CARRIED OUT TO
IMPROVE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
THE MATERIAL.
 PROCESS INVOLVES :
 SOLUTION TREATMENT/ ANNEALING
 PRECIPITATION HARDENING OR AGEING
 STRESS RELIEVING

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AFFECTED BY
HEAT TREATMENT

 STRENGTH (UTS AND YIELD

STRENGTH)
 RESILIENCE AND TOUGHNESS
 FATIGUE RESISTANCE
 CREEP RESISTANCE

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 SOLUTION TREATMENT

 THIS IS BASICALLY SOFTENING PROCESS

 IT CAN ALSO ACT AS A HOMOGENISING

TREATMENT

 IN THIS PROCESS MATERIAL IS TAKEN TO A

HIGH TEMPERATURE, SOAKED FOR A PERIOD
DEPENDENT UPON MATERIAL THICKNESS
FOLLOWED BY AIR COOL (GAS FAN QUENCH
FOR VACUUM FURNACE) OR WATER QUENCH

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 SELECTION OF HEAT TREATMENMT

 ALLOY ST. TEMP. (OC) HARDNESS

(Rc)

 SU-718 950 TO 1010 (980 TYPICAL) 35 Rc MAX.

 SU-263 1100 TO 1200 (1150 TYPICAL) < 22 Rc
 TI-685* 990 TO 1060 (1050 TYPICAL) 35 Rc
 TI-64* 950 TO 980 (975 TYPICAL) 35 Rc

 *NOT MUCH SENSITIVE TO THE CHANGES IN

HARDNESS VALUES

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PRECIPITATION HARDENING OR AGEING

 THIS IS BASICALLY A HARDENING PROCESS

 INVOLVES HEATING TO INTERMEDIATE

TEMPERATURES (LIKE 500 TO 800 OC)
FOLLOWED BY AIR COOL /GAS FAN QUENCH
FROM VACUUM

 AGEING TEMPERATURE VARIES WITH THE

ALLOY

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 AGEING FOR DIFFERENT ALLOYS
 ALLOY AGEING TEMP. (°C) HARDNESS (Rc)

 SU-718* 720/8HRS. FC TO 600 @ 50

PER HR., HOLD AT 620/8 HRS. 36 MIN.
/ AIR COOL OR GFQ (40-48)

 SU-263* 800/ 8HRS./AC OR GFQ 22-35

 TI-685** 550/24 HRS./AC OR GFQ 35

 TI-64* 500 /8 HRS./AC OR GFQ 35

 * OVER AGEING LEADS TO REDUCTION IN

HARDNESS/STRENGTH

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