Age and Life-style Related

Decline
Dr. Nasir Mehmood
Age and Life-style Related Decline
75% of life….. Decine.
Whole body inflammation…. 50% of decline.
Life-style ….. Remaining 50%...
 Phy.inactivity….decreased nutrition, increased body
weight….. More inflammation.
 Smoking…. Adds to inflammation..
Osteoporosis…. Potural changes… decreased balance,
decreased lung capacity, decreased step & stride
length…
Decline in homeostasis…
Susceptibility….. Extent of adaption to physiological
stresses (homeostasis)…

Aging… decreased capacity to tolerate stressors…

 A bit modifiable by lifestyle changes…
Physiological stress theory…
 Physical stresses vs adaptive responses ….
 Successful aging… more capacity to tolerate physiological
stresses….
 Tolerance window….
 Increased by exercise…
 Decreased by chronic diseases…
 More tolerance to stressors… more susceptibility and less
capacity to combat…
 Greater the window… more the chances of survival &
independent life…
 More the reserves, more immunity
 Better strength, endurance, balance….
Physiological stress theory…
Less homeostasis…. Sarcopenia, cachexia…
Cachexia…. Few adults can recover but not olds….
 Massive increase in inflammation, raised cytokines…
 Final stage of COPD, Heart Diseases etc leading to death
Sarcopenia…. Muscle wasting in old age.. A bit
changeable by resistance training
Longevity increased but not the QOL…
 85+… dependent… PT role..
Skeletal tissue changes…
Affected by …..
 Nutrient intake, inactivity, weight bearing, hormones,
medications…
 Increasing loss from 3rd decade…

 Tomorrow’s osteoporotic women being created

today….
 Skeletal tissue changes…
Teen-age…
 Natural pull of muscle… maintains BMD

 Space related bone loss.

 HRT & exercise…. Additive effect..