Viral Reproductive Cycles

Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle

II-Dahlia Group 6 & Group 8

How do viruses reproduce?

Viruses invade or infect a living host cell in order to replicate. Either by Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle

Lytic Cycle
A phage reproductive cycle Phage- bacterial viruses.
Culminates in the death of the host cell Virluent phagephage reproducing only by lytic cycle
Lytic cycle of T4 phage on an E. Coli cell.

Lytic Cycle
1. Attachment
Molecules on its tail fibers attach to the surface of the bacterium.

2. Penetration
The sheath of its tail contracts, injecting DNA into the cell.

Lytic Cycle
3. Synthesis of viral genomes and proteins.
The phage DNA directs the production of proteins and copies of its genome.

4. Assembly
Three sets of proteins assemble to form heads, tails, and tail fibers. The phage genome is packed inside the capsid.

Lytic Cycle
5. Release
Phage produces enzyme that damages the bacterial cell wall, allowing fluid to enter until the cell swells and bursts.

Lysogenic Cycle
Allows replication of the phage genome without destroying the host Phage genome is stored in the DNA of the host and can be passed to many generations. Temperate phage- phage capable of using either cycles Ex. (lambda) phage- resembles T4 but has only one, short tail fiber.

Lysogenic Cycle

Lytic cycle of a phage

Lysogenic Cycle
Stages 1 & 2 of lytic cycle
The cycle undergoes attachment of the virus and penetration of its genome to into the host cell.

3.The phages DNA integrates into the

bacterial chromosome and becomes a prophage. Prophage phage genome integrated into the hosts DNA chromosome Can be caused by starvation and low temperature.

Lysogenic Cycle
4. The bacterium reproduces
normally, replicating the prophage as well and passing it to its daughter cells.

5. Spontaneous induction
After generations, a prophage finally initiates exit from the bacterial chromosome.
Increased growth rate, less repressor genes, possibility for induction

Lysogenic Cycle
6. The rest of the stages in the
lytic cycle will occur.

References
Main reference Miller, K.R. and Levine, J. (1995). Biology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Other references Cambell, N.A. and Reece, J.B. (2007). Biology (7th ed.). Menlo Park, California: Benjamin Cummings. Keiser, G.E. (2011, March). The Lysogenic Life Cycle. Retrieved from http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/uni t3/viruses/lysolc.html Keiser, G.E. (2011, March). The Lytic Life Cycle. Retrieved from http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/uni t3/viruses/lytlc.html

 Czyz, A., Los, M., Wrobel, B., Wegrzyn, G. (2001, April 18). Inhibition of spontaneous induction of lambdoid prophages in Escherichia coli cultures. BMC Biotechnology, 1. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-1-1

Images
Slide 3, 5, & 8
bio3400.nicerweb.net

Slides 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, &12

http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/viruses/lysolc.html http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/viruses/lytlc.html