Types of data and

Variables
Dr/Heba Ahmed Galal
 Outlines
O Types of data
Qualitative .
Quantitative
O Types of Variables
Dependent variable
Independent variable(causal)
 :Types of data
O Qualitative measures: A measure that
describes or characterizes an attribute.
O Quantitative measures: A measure that
reflects a numeric amount.
 :Types of data
Continuous
Quantitative
‫عددية‬/‫كمية‬ Numeric
Types of discrete
data
Ordinal
Qualitative
‫وصفية‬/‫كيفية‬
Nominal
• Quantitative data
These are data expressed in numbers. They are
divided into :
1- Continuous quantitative data :
These are variables that can be measured in
fractions i.e. not essentially having integer values
For example: weight 81.5 kgm, hemoglobin 13.2
gm etc …
2- Numeric discrete data :
These variables take only integer values i.e. they
don’t have fraction
For example:
No of finger, heart beats, family members …etc.
Qualitative data •
These data are take the form of qualities or names (not in
: numbers). They are divided into
:Ordinal qualitative data *
they are descriptive variables that rank subjects according -
to characteristics e.g. mild, moderate, sever malnutrition-
.patient with different grades of malignancy Grades I, II
:Nominal qualitative data *
they are descriptive variables that identify subjects -
regarding a characteristics e.g. gender (male, female) –
blood groups
Variable: The changing characteristics
being measured and/or recorded. For
example, body weight, age, gender,
serum cholesterol levels, and tobacco
use might be variables of interest.
• Dependent variable
• In dependent variable(causal)
O Dependent variable: The
outcome variable or final result.
O In dependent variable(causal): A
variable measured or controlled by
the experimenter, the variable that
is thought to affect the out come