PHYSICAL SCIENCE

M-1
ADVINCULA, AXCEL D. Arnold James Grecia
Subject Teacher
Group 1: 11-ABM-PERSEVERANCE
SY 2023-2024
SURVEY : LC #1
Give the evidence for and
explain the formation of the
light elements in the Bigbang
Theory.
TRANSLATE:
Magbigay ng ebidensya at
ipaliwanag ang pagbuo ng mga
light elements sa bigbang
theory.
KT.
1.1. light elements
1.2. Bigbang Theory
1.3. evidence for the
formation of light
elements in the BBT
KW.
1.1. Give
2.1. Explain
QUESTION:
• Q1.1. What is meant by light elements ?

• Q1.2. What is meant by Bigbang Theory ?

• Q1.3. What are the evidence for the formation

of light elements in the BBT ?

• Q1.4. What are the formation of the light

element in the bigbang theory ?
Read/wRite/Research:
Q1.1 What is meant by light elements ?

- Light elements it is an observed fact that

most of the matter in the universe are the three
lightest elements.

- Hydrogen, helium, and lithium.

modtech@theory.uwinnipeg.ca
Read/wRite/Research:
1. Hydrogen - Is the lightest elements and exhibits
the simplest atomic structure

2. Helium - Is a colourles, odorless, and

tasteless gas that becomes liquid

3. Lithium - Is the lightest solid and metal and

the third lightest elements.
Read/wRite/Research:
Q1.2. What is meant by Bigbang Theory ?
- The big bang is how astronomers explain
the way the universe began. It is the idea that
the universe began as just a single point, then
expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is
right now—and it is still stretching.

https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/big-bang/
Read/wRite/Research:
Q1.3. What are the evidence for the formation
of light elements in the BBT ?

1. Redshift of Galaxies
The light we observe from galaxies has been
stretched by the time it reaches us. It looks
redder than it should. This redshift is the
result of galaxies moving away from us.
Read/wRite/Research:

2. Microwave Background
A long, long time ago, the whole Universe was
very hot. As it grew in the size, the heat left a
"glow" which fills the entire Universe. The
Big Bang theory predicts this glow should
still exist. It also predicts that we should be
able to detect this glow as microwave light.
Read/wRite/Research:
3. Mixture of Elements
Some chemical elements were created soon
after the Big Bang. Elements like hydrogen
and helium. The Big Bang theory predicts
how much of each element was made in
the early universe. When astronomers
look at very old galaxies and stars, the
amount of each chemical they see agrees
with the Big Bang theory.
Read/wRite/Research:

4. Looking back in time

There is an alternative to the Big
Bang theory. It is called the Steady
State theory. In this theory, the
Universe does not change much
over time.
Read/wRite/Research:
Q1.4. What are the formation of the light
element in the bigbang theory ?

During the formation of the universe some

14 billion years ago in the so-called 'Big
Bang', only the lightest elements were
formed – hydrogen and helium along with
trace amounts of lithium and beryllium.
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1727-how-elements-are-formed
Read/wRite/Research:
INTERPRET:
Mnemonics LIGHT Definition Evidence
ELEMENTS
Hangang Hydrogen Is the lightest Condition cooled
elements and enough for these
exhibits the protons and
simplest atomic neutrons to form
structure hydrogen nuclei

Hanga Helium Is a colourles, Some of these

odorless, and nuclei combined to
tasteless gas that form helium as
well, though in
becomes liquid much smaller
quantities.
INTERPRET:
Mnemonics LIGHT Definition Evidence
ELEMENTS
Lagi Lithium Is the lightest Bright stellar
solid and metal explosion called
and the third classical novae.
lightest
elements.
INTERPRET:
Mnemonics Formation of light Definition
elements
Ang Average star • Stars with masses
between 0.5 – 8 solar
masses are called
average stars.

Sabi Super Nova • A super nova is the

explosion of the star.
Mnemonics Formation of light Definition
elements
• It is the largest
explosion that takes
place in the space.
Maraming Massive star • Any star which is
larger than eight solar
masses during it
regular main sequence
lifetime is considered a
massive star.
Pogi Planetary Nebula • A planetary nebula is
a region of cosmic gas
and dust from the cast-
off outer layer of a
dying star.
Mnemonics Formation of light Definition
elements
Sa Stellar Nebula • A nebula is a distinct
luminescent part of
inter stellar medium.
Western White dwarf • A white dwarf is what
stars like the sun
become after they
have exhausted their
nuclear fuel.
Bicutan Black hole • A black hole s a place
in space where gravity
pulls so much that
even light can not get
out.
Mnemonics Formation of light Definition
elements
Sana Super red giant • A super red giant is
an aging giant star that
has consumed its
core’s supply of
hydrogen fuel.
Rin Red giant • A star that has low
surface temperature
and a diameter that is
large relative to the
sun.
Noon Neutron star • Neutron stars are
formed when a
massive star.
Recite & Review:
1. Condition cooled enough for these
protons and neutrons to form
________ nuclei

A. Hydrogen
B. Helium
C. Lithium
D. Carbon
Recite & Review:
2. Some of these nuclei combined to form
helium as well, though in much smaller
quantities.

A. Hydrogen
B. Helium
C. Lithium
D. Carbon
Recite & Review:
3. Bright stellar explosion called
classical novae.

A. Hydrogen
B. Helium
C. Lithium
D. Carbon
Recite & Review:
4. Some chemical elements were created
soon after the Big Bang. Elements like
hydrogen and helium.

A. Mixture of elements
B. Redshift of Galaxies
C. Microwave Background
D. Steady state theory
Recite & Review:
5. The light we observe from galaxies has
been stretched by the time it reaches us. It
looks redder than it should.

A. Mixture of elements
B. Redshift of Galaxies
C. Microwave Background
D. Steady state theory
Recite & Review:

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
APPLICATION:

I want to teach this to my

brother, a friend, and
anyone else who wants to
know what the origin of
our world is.
SURVEY : LC #2 KT
Give evidence for and describe the
2.1. Heavier
formation of the heavier elements
elements
during star formation and
2.2. star formation
evolution.
2.3. star evolution
Translate :
Magbigay ng katibayan para sa at KW
ilarawan ang pagbuo ng mas
mabibigat na elemento sa panahon 2.1. Give
ng star formation at evolution 2.2. Describe
QUESTION:
Q2.1. What is meant by heavier elements ?

Q2.2. What is meant by star formation ?

Q2.3. What is meant by star evolution ?

Q2.4. What are the formation of the heavier

elements during star formation and evolution ?
Read/wRite/Research:
Q2.1. What is meant by heavier elements ?

A heavy element is an element with an

atomic number greater than 92. The first
heavy element is neptunium (Np), which
has an atomic number of 93.

https://pls.llnl.gov/research-and-development/nuclear-science/project-highlights/livermorium/elements-113-and-115
Read/wRite/Research:
Q2.2. What is meant by star formation ?

Star formation is the process by which dense

regions within molecular clouds in interstellar
space, sometimes referred to as "stellar
nurseries" or "star-forming regions", collapse
and form stars.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation
Read/wRite/Research:
Q2.3. What is meant by star evolution ?

Stellar evolution is a description

of the way that stars change with
time.

https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/s/Stellar+Evolution
Read/wRite/Research:
Q2.4. What are the formation of the heavier
elements during star formation and evolution ?

The star goes through a series of stages

where heavier elements are fused in the core
and in the shells around the core.

https://www.facebook.com/notes/physical-science/lesson-12-the-formation-of-heavier-elements-during-star-
formation-and-evolution/1880966238586259/
INTERPRET:
Mnemonics
Evidence for formation of
heavier elements during star Meaning
formation
Carlo Carbon It is nonmetallic and
tetravalent- its atom
making four electrons
available to form
covalent chemical
bonds.
Oras Oxygen Oxygen is a chemical
element a substance
that contains only one
type of atom
SURVEY : LC #3 KT
Write the nuclear fusion 3.1. nuclear fusion
reactions that take place in star, 3.2. formation new
which lead to the formation of elements
new elements. 3.3. nuclear fusion
TRANSLATE : reaction that take
Isulat ang mga reaksyong place in stars
nuclear fusion na nagaganap sa KW
mg bituin, na humahantong sa 3.1. Write
pagbuo ng bagong elemento.
QUESTION:
Q3.1. What is meant by nuclear fusion
reactions?

Q3.2. What is formation of new

elements?

Q3.3. What is nuclear fusion reactions

that take place in star?
Read/wRite/Research:
Q3.1. What is meant by nuclear fusion
reactions?

Nuclear Fusion reactions power the Sun

and other stars. In a fusion reaction, two
light nuclei merge to form a single heavier
nucleus.
https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsnuclear-fusion-reactions
Read/wRite/Research:
Q3.2. What is formation of new elements?

nuclear fusion reactions which assemble

larger nuclei by forcing smaller nuclei
together under tremendous temperatures and
pressures.

https://www.ccusd93.org/cms/lib/AZ02204140/Centricity/Domain/926/Formation%20of%20the%20Elements%20and
%20Nuclear%20Reactions.pptx
Read/wRite/Research:
Q3.3. What are the nuclear fusion reactions that take
place in star?
Nuclear Fusion in Stars
The enormous luminous energy of the stars comes
from nuclear fusion processes in their centers.
Depending upon the age and mass of a star, the
energy may come from proton-proton fusion,
helium fusion, or the carbon cycle.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/astfus.html
Mnemonics Nuclear fusion Definition
reactions

Philippine Proton-proton The proton-proton chain,

also commonly referred to
fusion as the p-p chain, is one of
two known sets of nuclear
fusion reactions by which
stars convert hydrogen to
helium.

Health Helium fusion In the core of the sun

hydrogen is being
converted into helium.
This is called nuclear
fusion it takes four
hydrogen atoms to fuse
Mnemonics Nuclear fusion Definition
reactions
Care Carbon cycle The carbon cycle
describe the process
in which carbon
atoms continually
travel from the
atmosphere to the
Earth and then back
into the
atmosphere.