Topic- Classifying living things

Year 9 Biology Topics

• 1. Classifying living things
• 2. Cell structure and organization
• 3. Plant Nutrition
• 4. Interdependence of Organisms
• 5. Nutrient cycles
• 6. Population Size
• 7. Biological molecules
• 8. Movement in and out of cells
• 9.Enzymes
10.Uses of micro-organisms in food industry
Learning Objective
• To state that organisms can be classified into groups by the
features that they share.
• To define species as a group of organisms that can reproduce
to produce fertile offspring.
• To describe the binomial system of naming species of an
organism
• Biology is the study of living organisms

• How do we decide if something is living or non living?

• Why do we need to classify organisms?
 Life Processes
• If something is alive it will
carry out all of the seven
life processes.
• Movement
• Respiration
• Sensitivity
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Excretion
• Nutrition
Video
 Classification

The arrangement of animals and plants It makes the identification of living The biggest group is kingdom.
in taxonomic groups according to their organisms easier.
observed similarities.
 CLASSIFICATION
• example: we put cat, dog, elephant, beetle into group of animal.
We put banana, rice and durian into group of plant. We put yeast
and mushroom into group of fungi. We put Paramecium and
Volvox into group of protista. We put E.coli into group of bacteria.
• Each of group from example above can be called kingdom. So
there are 5 kingdoms based on the certain characteristics of living
organisms. Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
hierarchical system
introduced by
Carolus Linnaeus
• Species are grouped into larger groups called genera (singular:
genus).
• Each genus contains several species with similar characteristics.
• Several genera are then grouped into a family, families into
orders, orders into classes, classes into phyla and finally phyla into
kingdoms.
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
• Binomial system – an internationally agreed system in which the
scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing
the genus and species.
• It is used to provide a unique name to organisms, including
plants, animals, microorganisms, and other living things.
• This naming system makes it easier to understand them better
and also separates each species from others.
• Linnaeus introduced the bionomial nomenclature system
• This is where all living things were given two names written in Latin.
• The first is the Genus name, always with a capital letter
• The second is the species name, always small letter
• Example

• Homo sapien (human)

• Mangifera indica (mango)
• corona virus
• Genus: Alphacoronavirus
• Species: alphacoronavirus 1 , humancorona virus 229E When you write
the scientific name of an organism you should either write it in italics
(computer) or underline it (hand written)
4 RULES OF BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
GROUP TASK
• Task 2- write the hierarchical
structure of classification
• Task 3 – write the rules to
write the scientific names of
an organism
• Task 1 – list the genus and
species separately from given
scientific names.
• Apple – Pyrus maleus
• Banana – Musa paradiscium
• Camel – Camelus camelidae
• Carrot – Daucas carota
• Cat – Felis catus
• Deer – Artiodactyl cervidae
• Dog – Cannis familiaris
• Dolphin – Delphinidae delphis
Plenary
1. A rat has the scientific name Rattus rattus. What do the two parts of this
name refer to?
• A genus and species
• B kingdom and genus
• C kingdom and species
• D variety and genus
2. What is a correct way of naming an organism using the binomial
system?
• A Common buttercup
• B ranunculus acris
• C Ranunculus acris
• D Ranunculus sp.
3. Which system is used for naming species?
• A binomial
• B conservation
• C dichotomous
• D natural selection
4. The diagram shows an animal whose scientific name is Rattus rattus.

Which genus does it belong to?

A mammal
B rattus
C Rattus
D vertebrate
5. Which shows an organism that has been named using the binomial system?
A Bacterium
B Flowering plant
C HIV
D Homo sapiens
Plenary answers
• 1-A
• 2-C
• 3-A
• 4-C
• 5-D
Home work
• IGCSE textbook Questions – 1.1 (a,b,c)-page no-5