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REVIEW IN GRADE 9 MUSIC:

Western
Classical
Music
MIDDLE AGES
RENNAISSANCE
PERIOD
BAROQUE
PERIOD
CLASSICAL
PERIOD
ROMANTIC
PERIOD
 MUSIC
of the
20 TH

CENTURY
 IMPRESSIONIS
M
-Made use of the whole tone scale.
-Drawn to convey moods to their music instead of depicting reality.
CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)
-Most important and influential 20th
century composer.
-His compositions deviated from the
Romantic Period, as is clearly
seen by the way he avoided metric
pulses and preferred free form to
develop his themes.
-Known as “The Father of the
Modern School of Composition.”
MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)
-Ravel was a perfectionist and every
bit a musical craftsman.

-His composition style in mainly

characterized by its unique
innovative but not atonal style of
harmonic treatment.

-Known for his piece “Bolero.”

 EXPRESSIONIS
M
- Revealed the composer’s mind, instead of presenting an
impression of the environment.
-It served as a medium for expressing strong emotion, such as
anxiety, rage and alienation.
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)
-He taught himself music theory, but
took lessons in counterpoint.
-His style was constantly undergoing
development and explored the use of
chromatic harmonies.
-His music is extremely complex,
creating heavy demands to the
listener.
IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)
-He adapted the forms of the 18th
century with his contemporary style
of writing.

-His music is very structured, precise,

controlled, full of artifice and
theatricality.

-Known for his piece, The Firebird

Suite (1910).
 PRIMITIVISM
-It is tonal through the stressing of one note as more important than
the other.(new sounds are synthesized from old ones to create more
complex new event.)
- It combines two familiar or simple ideas together creating new
sounds.
BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)
-He performed as a concert pianist.

-He is a neo-classicist, primitivist and

nationalist composer and used
Hungarian folk themes and rhythms.

-Famous for his “Six String

Quartets”(1909-1938).
 NEO-
CLASSICISM
-It is a moderating factor between the emotional excesses of the Romantic Period
and the violent impulses of the soul in expressionism.
-It is combined with ever-shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic
patterns, as well as harmonic dissonances that produce harsh chords.
SERGEI PROKOFIEV (1891-1953)
-He is a combination of a neo-classicist,
nationalist and avant-garde composer.

-He is a composer and a pianist.

-His style is uniquely recognizable for its

progressive technique, pulsating
rhythms, melodic directness and a
resolving dissonance.
FRANCIS POULENC (1899-1963)
-He was a member of the group of young
French composers known as “Les Six”.

-He was a successful composer for piano,

voice and choral music.

-His choral works tended to be more

somber and solemn.
 AVANT-GARDE
MUSIC

-Closely associated with electronic music and dealt with the

parameters or the dimensions of sound in space.
-Improvisation was a necessity in this style, for the musical scores
were not necessarily followed as written.
GEORGE GERSHWIN (1898-1937)
-His name became a fixture in broadway.

-He is a crossover artist in the sense that

his compositions remain highly popular in
the classical repertoire.

-Considered as the “Father of American

Jazz”.
LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)
-Bernstein’s philosophy was that the
universal language of music is basically
rooted in tonality.
-He achieved preeminence in two fields:
conducting and composing for Broadway
musicals, dance, shows and concert music.
-He is known for his composition for the
stage which is the musical West Side
Story and American adaptation of Romeo
and Juliet.
PHILIP GLASS (BORN 1937)
-One of the most commercially successful
minimalist composer.
-His distinctive style involves cell-like
phrases emanating from brighter
electronic sounds from the keyboard that
progressed very slowly from one pattern
to the next in repetitious pattern.
-He formed the Philip Glass Ensemble.
 MODERN
NATIONALISM

- A LOOSER FORM OF 20TH CENTURY MUSIC DEVELOPMENT

COMBINE MODERN TECHNIQUES WITH FOLK MATERIALS
NIKOLAI RIMSKY KORSAKOV
-He is a member of Russian Five, a
highly gifted generation of creative
individuals.

-Infused chromatic harmony and

incorporated Russian Music and
liturgical chants in their thematic
materials.
 CENTURY
MUSICAL
STYLES:
ELECTRONIC & CHANCE
MUSIC
 ELECTRONIC
MUSIC
-There is a use of electronic machines such as synthesizers, amplifiers,
tape recorders and loudspeakers to create different sounds.
 Music concrete
Music that uses tape recorders. The composer
records different sounds that are heard in the
environment such as bustle of the traffic, the
sound of the wind, barking of dogs, strumming
of the guitar or cry of an infant. The composer is
able to experiment with different sounds that
cannot be produced by regular musical
instruments such as the piano or the violin.
 EDGAR VARESE (1883-1965)
- He was considered on “innovative
French-composer.”
- He pioneered and created new sounds
that bordered between music and
noise.
- He invented the term “organized
sound”.
- He is known as the “Father of
Electronic Music” and also described
as “The Stratospheric Colossus of
Sound.”
 KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN
(BORN 1928)
-Central figure in the realm of electronic
music.

-His style is total serialism.

-His music has its heavily atonal content

with practically no clear melodic or
rhythmic sense.
 CHANCE MUSIC

-A style in which the piece sounds different at every performance.

-Most of the sounds emanate from the surroundings, both natural and
man-made.
 JOHN CAGE (1912-1992)

-One of the 20 century composers with

the widest array of sounds in his works.

-One of the most original composers in

the history of Western music.

-He became famous for his composition

“Four Minutes and 33 Seconds”.