WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

INSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROL

CREDIT HOURS: 3

Prepared By:

Engr. Junaid Khan

Mechanical Engineering Department
WEC, University of Wah

Date: 16-10-2023
REFERENCE BOOK

Textbook: 1. EL Grant & RS Leavenworth, “Statistical Quality Control”, McGraw Hill &
Co.
2. M. Mahajan, “Statistical Quality Control” Dhanpat Rai & Co.

References: 1. O.P. Khanna, “Statistical Quality Control”, Dhanpat Rai & Co.
COURSE LEARNING

Outcome (CLO): Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• CLO-1. To understand the concepts of Inspection and Quality control.

• CLO-2. To apply the different techniques of Quality control and inspection on
products.
• PLO-1: Engineering Technology Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to
the solution of complex engineering problems
 .

“QUALITY IS NOT AN ACCIDENT; BUT IT IS THE

RESULT OF INTELLIGENT EFFORTS”
WHAT IS QUALITY?

 Quality is the fitness for use.

 The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to
satisfy a given need.
 Quality involves meeting customers need, preferences and exceeding it.
 Quality also encompasses people, process and environment.
WHAT IS QUALITY CONTROL?

 Those planned and systematic actions which provides a mean to control and measure the
characteristics of a product, process or a service to established requirements.”

 A system of maintaining standards in manufactured products by testing a sample of

the output against the specification.
QUALITY CONTROL AS PER ISO

 The operational techniques and activities that are used to satisfy quality requirements.

 The quality control system verifies and maintains desired level of quality in an existing
product or service by careful planning, use of proper equipment and continued inspection
and corrective action as required.
 WHY QUALITY CONTROL?
Quality control is essential for a variety of reasons in different industries, including
manufacturing, services, and product development. It ensures that products or services meet
specific standards and requirements, Here are some key reasons why quality control is necessary:
1.Customer Satisfaction: Meeting or exceeding customer expectations to build trust, loyalty, and
positive brand reputation.
2.Process Improvement: Identifying and addressing the root causes of quality issues to
continuously enhance processes and prevent defects.
3.Cost Reduction: Minimizing the costs associated with defects, rework, and customer
complaints by preventing quality issues.
4.Risk Management: Reducing the risks of product recalls, and financial losses related to quality
problems.
QUALITY CONTROL (QC) FUNCTION

Quality control (QC) is a fundamental function within an organization that

ensures products, services, or processes meet specified quality standards
and requirements. It involves various activities, processes, and
responsibilities to achieve and maintain the desired level of quality. Here
are some key aspects of the quality control function such as monitoring,
inspection, testing, and corrective actions.
QUALITY SPECIFICATION

Quality specifications are like a set of clear and specific rules that explain
exactly what something needs to be like to be considered good quality.
They describe the important characteristics, features, or standards that a
product or service must meet.
 ECONOMICS OF QUALITY CONTROL

The economics of quality is about making smart financial decisions to balance the
costs of ensuring high quality against the costs of poor quality.

It means investing in quality control, prevention, and improvement to save money in
the long run by avoiding defects, rework, customer complaints, and lost sales.
 WHAT IS QC INSPECTION?

The ISO standard defines inspection as “activity of measuring, examining, testing one or
more characteristics of a product or service and comparing the results with specified
requirements in order to establish whether conformity is achieved for each
characteristic.”
OR
Inspection is a reactive process that involves examining a product or service after it has
been produced or delivered to identify defects or deviations from quality standards.
OBJECTIVE OF INSPECTION

• The primary objectives of inspection are to ensure quality, reliability, and

consistency while identifying and addressing defects or non-conformities.
Inspections are essential in various industries to meet quality and safety
standards
 TYPES OF INSPECTION

• Inspections are conducted for various purposes and can be categorized into different
types based on their objectives. Here are some common inspection types:
• Receiving Inspection Statistical Process Control (SPC)
• In-Process Inspection Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI)
• Final Inspection Safety Inspection
• Routine Inspection Quality Audit
 TYPES OF INSPECTION
1. Receiving Inspection:
 Objective: To assess the quality and conformity of incoming materials, components,
or products from suppliers before they are accepted into the production process.
 Example: Checking the quality and specifications of electronic components received
from a supplier for use in the assembly of consumer electronics.
2. In-Process Inspection:
 Objective: To monitor and evaluate the quality of products or processes during
various stages of production to detect and correct issues before the final product is
completed.
 Example: Inspecting the dimensions and alignment of vehicle chassis components
during the assembly process to ensure they meet design specifications.
 Types of Inspection
3. Final Inspection:
 Objective: To verify that finished products meet established quality criteria and are
ready for delivery to customers.
 Example: Conducting a final inspection of packaged food products to confirm they are
correctly labeled, free from defects, and comply with safety regulations before
distribution.
4. Routine Inspection:
 Objective: To regularly check equipment, facilities, or processes to ensure they are
operating correctly and maintain consistency and safety.
 Example: Periodically inspecting and maintaining machinery in a manufacturing plant
to prevent breakdowns and maintain operational efficiency.
5. Statistical Process Control (SPC):
 Objective: To continuously monitor and control production processes using statistical
methods to ensure products meet quality standards.
 Example: Using control charts to track the weight of packaged products during
production to ensure they consistently fall within specified weight limits.
6. Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI):
 Objective: To assess the quality and compliance of products or goods before they are
shipped to customers or overseas markets.
• Example: Conducting pre-shipment inspections of textiles to confirm they meet
quality and safety standards before being exported to international markets
7. Safety Inspection:
 Objective: To ensure the safety and compliance of facilities, equipment, and
operations with safety regulations and standards.
 Example: Performing safety inspections in construction sites to identify and mitigate
potential hazards and ensure worker safety.
8. Quality Audit:
 Objective: To conduct an independent, systematic examination of a company's
quality management system to ensure compliance with quality standards and
continuous improvement.
 Example: An ISO 9001 audit assessing a company's quality management system to
ensure it complies with ISO quality standards.
 Inspection versus Quality
control

Quality Control (QC) and Inspection are two related but distinct processes in the field of
quality management
Quality Control (QC):
Definition:
QC is a proactive and ongoing process that aims to prevent defects or deviations from quality
standards in a product or service. It focuses on the entire production or service delivery
process.
 Inspection vs Quality control

Key Characteristics:
o QC involves continuous monitoring and improvement of processes.
o It aims to identify and correct issues before they lead to defects or quality problems.
o QC is often carried out by the organization's own employees or quality control teams.
• Example:
In an automobile manufacturing plant, QC involves regular checks and maintenance of
machines, employee training, and process improvement initiatives. By implementing QC
practices, the company can reduce the likelihood of producing faulty vehicles and maintain
consistent quality.
 Inspection versus Quality control

Inspection:
Definition: Inspection is a reactive process that involves examining a product or service
after it has been produced or delivered to identify defects or deviations from quality standards.
Key Characteristics:
o Inspection is a point-in-time activity that occurs at specific checkpoints in the production or
service delivery process.
o It involves examining a representative sample of the product or service. Inspection can be
performed by the organization's employees or by external, independent inspectors
 Inspection versus Quality control

Example: In the context of a clothing manufacturer, inspection might

involve checking a random sample of finished garments for defects like
loose threads, stains, or incorrect stitching. This process typically occurs at
the end of the manufacturing process, before the garments are packaged and
shipped to retailers. If any defects are found, they can be addressed before
the products reach the market.
 Inspection versus Quality control

Key Differences:
1. Timing: QC is proactive and occurs during the production or service delivery process,
while inspection is reactive and takes place after production or service delivery.
2. Scope: QC encompasses the entire process and aims to prevent defects, while inspection
focuses on examining the final product or a representative sample to identify defects.
3. Nature: QC is a broader approach that includes process improvement, employee
training, and continuous monitoring, whereas inspection is a specific examination of the
product or service itself.
ASSIGNMENT 1

• Write on A4 page
1. Types of inspections
2. SQC , examples , define its tools and advantages of SQC objective of SQC and their
comparisons
Thank you