WELCOME TO

BASIC CALCULUS
Princess N. Deramas
Naic INHS
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H E T S I
I F M L N
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H E T S I
I F M L N
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H E T S I
I F M L N
L I MI T S
After going through this lesson,
you are expected to:

1.) illustrate the limit of a function

using table of values and graph of
the function;

Princess N. Deramas
Naic INHS
After going through this lesson,
you are expected to:

2.) distinguish between and f(c)

Princess N. Deramas
Naic INHS
 What is Limit?
Limits are the backbone of Calculus
Calculus is called the Mathematics of Change
The study of limits is necessary in studying
change in great detail.
 The Limit of a Function

Let f(x) be a function, c be a constant which

the variable x will approach. And the limit to be
denoted by L, is the unique real value that f(x)
will approach as x approaches to c.
 The Limit of a Function

We write it as,

Can be read as “The Limit of f(x) as x approaches

c is L”.
 The Limit of a Function
Function
Illustration:
It will provide
direction on what
inputs should be
used to determine
the change in
outputs as its Limit as x
moving towards its
limit.
approaches c
 Finding the Limit

The limit of a function describes how a

function behaves as the independent variable
x gets closer and closer to a certain number c.
Illustrating Limit of a Function using
Table of Values

PROCEDURES:
1. Provide inputs or set of values of x that satisfy the
condition x c. *Note: Choose inputs that are really
close to c.
2. Construct Tables from the left and right.
3. Evaluate the function using the provided inputs.
4. Then observe where the output is heading as x c.
 Left Right

Example 1: = ?

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

3 x f(x) 5 x f(x)

4 4
 Left Right

Example 1: = ?

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

3 x f(x) 5 x f(x)
3 14 5 22
3.5 16 4.8 21.2
4.5 20
3.8 17.2
4.1 18.4
3.9 17.6
4.001 18.004
3.99 17.96
4.000001 18.000004
4 3.9999 17.9996 4
= 18
 Left Right

Example 2: =?

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

-2 x f(x) 0 x f(x)

-1 -1
 Left Right

Example 2: =?

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

-2 x f(x) 0 x f(x)
-2 5 0 1
-1.5 3.25 -0.5 1.25
-0.7 1.49
-1.2 2.44
-0.8 1.64
-1.1 2.21
-0.9 1.81
-1.01 2.0201
-0.9999 1.9998
-1 -1.0001 2.0002 -1
=2
Example 3: =? where f(x) = x+3 if x < 2
x2 + 1 if x > 2

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

1 x f(x) 3 x f(x)

2 2
Example 3: =? where f(x) = x + 3 if x < 2
x2 + 1 if x > 2

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

1 x f(x) 3 x f(x)
1 4 3 10
2.5 7.25
1.5 4.5
2.2 5.84
1.7 4.7
2.1 5.41
1.8 4.8
2.01 5.0401
1.99 4.99
2.0001 5.0004
2 1.9999 4.9999 2
=5
Example 4: =? where f(x) = x+1 if x < 4
(x-4)2 +3 if x > 4

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

3 x f(x) 5 x f(x)

4 4
Example 4: =? where f(x) = x+1 if x < 4
(x-4)2 +3 if x > 4

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

3 x f(x) 5 x f(x)
3 4 5 4
4.5 3.25
3.5 4.5
4.2 3.04
3.7 4.7
4.1 3.01
3.8 4.8
4.01 3.0001
3.99 4.99
4.000001 3
4 3.9999 4.9999 4
DNE
 Existence of a Limit

 The limit of a function f as x c exists if and

only if .

If the left-hand limit is not equal to right-

hand limit, then the limit Does Not Exist (DNE).
Illustrating Limit of a Function using
Graphs

1. = ?

Answer:
Illustrating Limit of a Function using
Graphs

2.

Answer:
Illustrating Limit of a Function using
Graphs

3.

Answer:
 Illustrating Limit of a Function using
Graphs
4. where

f(x) = x+1 if x < 4

(x-4)2 +3 if x > 4
Answer:
Does Not Exist (DNE)
The Limit of a Function at c versus
the Value of the Function at c

vs. f(c)
 vs. f(c)
The limit of a function refers to the value of
the function as xc, while f (c) refers to the
value of the function at x = c.
Their values may be equal or not equal.
Both may exist or both do not exist or only
one of them exists.
 Left Right

Example 1: = ?

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

3 x f(x) 5 x f(x)
3 14 5 22
3.5 16 4.8 21.2
4.5 20
3.8 17.2
4.1 18.4
3.9 17.6
4.001 18.004
3.99 17.96
4.000001 18.000004
4 3.9999 17.9996 4
= 18
Activity Time!
 ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Complete the given 2 sets of tables of values to
investigate the limits of a function.

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

x f(x) x f(x)
ACTIVITY 1

Left-Hand Limit: Right-Hand Limit:

-4 x f(x) -2 X f(x)
-3.3 1.7 -2.6 2.4
-2.7 2.3
-3.2 1.8
-2.8 2.2
-3.1 1.9
-2.99 2.01
-3.01 1.99
-2.999 2.001
-3.001 1.999
-2.99999 2.00001
-3 -3.00001 1.99999 -3
= 2
 ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Consider the function f(x), whose graph is shown below.
Determine the limit of a function, by observing the behavior of the graph.
ACTIVITY 2
a.) =2
b.) =1
c.)
=1
d.)
DNE
e.)
=0
ACTIVITY 2
) = -1
) =0
)
DNE
)
= 2.5
)
=5
 References:
“INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS | LIMIT OF A FUNCTION | Calculus”. Youtube, uploaded
by Math Room by Teacher Joan. 30 Dec. 2020, https://youtu.be/u26R3RjTfdw

“Topic 1.1 Basic Calculus -THE LIMIT OF A FUNCTION. (Tagalog)”. Youtube, uploaded
by Pinoy EasyMath Tutorial. 9 Sept. 2020, https://youtu.be/Ngu26tpi4nw

Teacher’s Guide

Learner’s Material
 Thank you!
Princess N. Deramas
Naic INHS