INSTRUMENTATION IN

RESEARCH: TOOLS FOR Presented by: Engr. Jerome M.

Saltorio, LPT
EFFECTIVE DATA COLLECTION
INTRODUCTION
The tools and techniques used to collect data in research.
UNITS OF ANALYSIS
Defining Units of Analysis

Definition: Entities or elements focused on in research.

Examples: Individuals, groups, organizations, events.
Decision: Choose the level of analysis based on research
objectives.
OBSERVATION METHOD
Systematic Data Collection through Observation

Methods: Direct, participant, naturalistic, structured.

Example: Observing classroom behavior to understand
student engagement.
UNOBTRUSIVE MEASURES
Collecting Data without Disturbance

Techniques: Physical traces, archival analysis, content

analysis.
Example: Analyzing newspaper articles to understand
public opinion.
INTERVIEW
Direct Communication for In-Depth Insight

Types: Structured, semi-structured, unstructured.

Considerations: Bias, rapport building, ethical
considerations.
Example: Conducting interviews to explore employee
satisfaction in a company.
CONTENT ANALYSIS
Systematic Examination of Content

Process: Coding and categorizing based on predefined

criteria.
Applications: Media representations, communication
analysis.
Example: Analyzing social media posts to understand
public sentiment.
MEASUREMENT SCALE
Classifying Variables for Precision

Types: Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio.

Selection: Depends on the nature of the variable.
Example: Using a Likert scale to measure customer
satisfaction levels.
CONSIDERATION IN
INSTRUMENTATION
Key Points to Remember

Alignment with research question and objectives.

Minimizing bias and reactivity.
Flexibility and adaptability.
CONLCUSION
Summary of Instrumentation in Research

Choosing the right tools for effective data collection.

Tailoring instrumentation to research goals.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR LISTENING!