GOOD

MORNING
STUDENT
GUIDELINE
4B’S
BE PREPARE
BE RESPECTFULL
BE PARTICIPATIVE
BE ATTENTIVE
OBJECTIVE:
To distinguish what a genetic
mutation is and ways which
mutations can be caused.
To distinguish the importance of
mutation.
To differentiate the function of gene
mutation and chromosomal mutation.
Review :
What is codon?
 What happens during DNA
replication?
What is amino acid?
Describe what happens during
translation.
‘WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT THE
PICTURES BEING PRESENTED?
TITLE: CHROMIE CHANGE

Objective:
Illustratethe kinds of
chromosomal mutations
Differentiate the kinds of
chromosomal mutations.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
 modeling clay

Direction: Answer Activity 6

(CHROMIE CHANGE) on pages 284-
287 of your Science Book.
MUTATION
What is mutation?
-Are changes or alteration in the
base sequence of DNA
- Mutation may induced by factors
called mutagens.
MUTAGEN
are commonly in forms of toxic,
chemical, and harmful radiation.
Sometimes, mistakes occur in DNA
replication, mitosis, and meiosis. All
of these can alter the base sequence of
DNA .
TWO DIFFERENT TYPE OF CELLS.
REPRODUCTIVE CELLS AND BODY CELLS
 Reproductive cells

 Body cells
TWO TYPES OF MUTATION :

Gene Mutation- it is a
permanent change in the
DNA sequence that makes
up the gene.
THREE TYPES OF GENE
MUTATION
 1.Insertion
 -it is when by accident extra DNA
bases are added to the DNA. Insertion
changes drastically the nature of the
proteins produced by the DNA chain.
2. Deletion
-it is a mutation in which a part of
a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is
left out during DNA replication.
3. Substitution
-is a type of replication error during
DNA replication which places the
wrong nucleotides in the wrong
position.
CHROMOSOMAL
MUTATION-
changing the chromosome structure
or errors in the cell division,
specifically in the crossing over part
during meiosis 1. It maybe caused by
parts of chromosomes breaking off or
rejoining incorrectly.
 Chromosomes have 46 or 23 pairs
 (The first 22 pairs called autosomes, and the 23 rd pair called
sex chromosomes)
 ( Two XX chromosome represent females while the XY
chromosomes represent males)
WHEN IS MUTATION INHERITED? WHY
ARE MUTATIONS IN SEX CELLS
HERITABLE?
THE FIVE TYPES OF
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS

 Duplication
-an extra copy of a gene is repeated.
Inversion

-a segment is broken off and

inverted
Deletion

-from the word itself delete some

segment is lost.
Insertion

-extra pairs are inserted into a

new place
Translocation

-part of one chromosomes

attaches to another chromosomes.
Guide Questions:
1.How are the three chromosomal
mutation different from each other?
2. Do you think the normal genetic
content of the chromosomes is
affected?

3. What do you think are the possible

effects of these chromosomal
mutations?
 In ¼ sheet of paper answer this question in 3
mins.
 1. It is an extra copy of a gene is repeated

 2. it is a permanent change in the DNA sequence

that makes up the gene.
 3. the changes or alteration in the base sequence
of DNA
 4. this is commonly in forms of toxic, chemical,
and harmful radiation.
 5.it is a part of one chromosomes attaches to
another chromosomes
ASSIGNMENT :
In ¼ sheet of paper search and
list some genetic disorders.