LOGIC

LOGIC
The science that studies the formal processes used in
thinking and reasoning

Arguments
Is a series of statements typically used to persuade
someone into accepting a solution
Statement/Proposition
A declarative sentences that is either true or false but not both
Examples:
1. 2+3=5
2. Manila is the capital of the Philippines
3. Manila is the best city in the Philippines
3. 7 is less than 2
4. _______ is _____ years old
5. How old am I?
Compound Statements
Consist of two or more statements.
Premise
Are statements in an argument that supports to prove
or disprove the conclusion.
Examples:
1. I will pass or I will fail.
2. If I review well and took enough sleep then I
will pass the exam.
 TRUTH TABLE
Shows how the truth or falsity of a compound
statement depends on the truth or falsity of the simple
statements from which it's constructed.

A statement in sentential logic is built from simple

statements using the logical connectives and . The
truth or falsity of a statement built with these
connective depends on the truth or falsity of its
components.
 Negation (
Example
1. I have a house
(negation)I have no house/I don’t have a
house.
2. Math is not a subject.
(negation) math is a subject.
 Negation
I have a house (P)
I have no house

P
 CONJUNCTION
P : It is Thursday
Q : The subject is math
P Q : It is Thursday and the subject is math.
P Q

should be true when both P and Q are true,

and false otherwise.
 DISJUNCTION
P : I will pass
Q : I will fail
P Q : I will pass or I will fail
P V Q

true if either P is true or Q is true (or both --- remember

that we're using "or" in the inclusive sense). It's
only false if both P and Q are false.
 CONDITIONAL
P : You get an A
Q : I’ll give you a dollar
P Q : If you get an A, then I’ll give you a dollar
P Q
P : You get an A
Q : I’ll give you a dollar
P Q : If you get an A, then I’ll give you a dollar

Converse (Q P)
If I’ll give you a dollar, then you will get an A

Inverse ( P Q)
If you don’t get an A, then I won’t give you a dollar

Contrapositive ( Q P)
if I will not give you a dollar, then you will not get an A
 BICONDITIONAL
P : Two angles have the same measure
Q : They are congruent
P Q : Two angles have the same measure if and only if they are
congruent

true if P and Q are both true or if P and Q are both false; otherwise, the
double implication is false.
de morgan’s law
Constructing Truth Table of Complex Statements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.