FIRST AID
Bleeding
• Apply pressure
• Compression bandage
– Do not remove soaked dressing
• Lift limb up
• Check for bluishness / duskiness of
fingers or toes
• Do not tie tourniquets
Fractures
• Pain, swelling and deformity indicates
fractures
• Control bleeding
• Splint in position of ease
– Commercial splints
– Any hard material
– Opposite limb
Burns
• Flame
– Stop,drop,roll
– Come out to open area
– Extinguish fire
– Do not remove stuck clothing
– Wash in normal tap water
– Wrap in clean sheet
• Hot liquids
– Wash under water for 10 minutes
– Small burns apply antiseptic ointment
– Do not apply powders,pastes,gels etc.
Burns
• Electrical
– Disconnect source of electricity
– Remove the victim
– Wash part under water
– Seek help early
• Chemical
– Wash thoroughly under water
– Do not neutralize
Eye injuries
• Wash eye with water
• Do not attempt to remove embedded
objects
• Close both eyes with light bandage
• Ask not to move healthy eye
• Seek medical help early
Sight is precious
Nose bleed
• Pinch the nose, sit leaning forwards till
bleeding stops
• After stoppage of bleeding rest for some
time
• Injuries - seek help early
Seizures
• Sudden loss of consciousness, arching of
back,muscle twitching, breath holding or
drooling at mouth
• Protect from injuries
• Remove nearby objects and ease fall
• Surround patient with soft paddings
• Ensure good supply of cool air
• If fever- sponge with tepid water and put in
recovery position
Asthma attack
• Difficulty in breathing,wheezing,loss of
consciousness or bluishness
• Do not lay casualty down, make him sit
up in comfortable position
• Reassure the patient
• Give puff of “blue” inhaler, if no
response in 3 minutes give another puff
and seek early medical help
Swallowed poison
• Blood stained vomit, pain or burning
sensation in chest or stomach, impaired
consciousness
• Do not induce vomiting
• Seek medical help early
• Bring along empty containers
• Check ABC – resuscitate if required
Anaphylactic shock
• Anxiety, red blotchy skin, swelling of
tongue, puffiness around eyes, impaired
breathing or wheezing
• If unconscious, start CPR
• Help to sit in position of ease
• Monitor the patient
• Seek early medical help
Insect bites
• Reassure the patient
• Brush or scrape the visible sting,do not squeeze
• Wash the wound with soap and water, cold
compresses
• Watch for signs of allergic reaction
– Pain and swelling
– Redness and discoloration
– Itching
– Difficulty in breathing
– Drowsiness
• Seek early medical help
Animal bites
• Wash with soap and water
• Seek early medical help
Snake bite
• Do not panic
• All snakes are not poisonous
• Effect depends upon
- type of snake,
- quantity of venom injected
- part of body bitten
Snake bite
• Reassure the victim
• Immobilize and splint the extremity
• Rapid transfer to a medical facility
• Do not put cuts or incisions
• Do not try to suck poison
• Do not apply tight tourniquets
Food poisoning
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal
cramps, headache or impaired
consciousness
• Help lie down and rest
• Plenty of fluids, electral powder
Drowning
• Remove patient on to the land
• Check ABC and give resuscitation as
required
• Patients may be extremely cold, continue
CPR till patient is rewarmed
• Cover with blankets to improve body
temperature
Headache
• Reassure the patient
• Cold compresses, paracetamol or
combiflam/ ibugesic in required doses
• Seek medical help
after head injury
persistent or recurring
with fever and vomiting
stiff neck or altered consciousness
Fever
• Do not panic
• Give sponging with tepid water
• Paracetamol / ibugesic in appropriate dose
Heat stroke
• Core body temp increased > 40 degree C
• Unconsciousness, vomiting, headache,
uneasiness or seizures
• Shift the patient to cool shaded area,
remove clothes and constantly wet the
skin
• Fan the patient to increase evaporation
• If conscious give frequent sips of cold
fluids
