Which of the figures can be used to continue the series

given below?
1
 Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
2
 What number comes next?
3

1, 3, 5 , 7, 9, _______
 4

Patterns and Numbers in

nature and the World

MIKE CHRISTIAN A. CORTEZ, LPT

5
What is Pattern?
Pattern define as:
-regular
-repeated
-recurring forms or designs
6
 Symmetry
7

Indicates that you can draw an imaginary line across

an object and the resulting parts are the mirror images
of each other.
Examples:
• Butterfly

• Leonardo da Vinci’s Virtuvian Man

• Starfish
 1. SYMMETRY
8

 The butterfly is a
symmetric about the
axis indicated by the
line. Note that the left
and right portions are
exactly the same. This
type of symmetry is
called bilateral
symmetry.
9

 Leonardo da Vinci’s
Virtruvian Man shows
the proportion and
symmetry of the
human body.
 Symmetry
10

 There are other types of

symmetry depending on the
number of sides or faces that
are symmetrical.
 Note that if you rotate the
starfish you can still achieve
the same appearance as the
original position. This is known
as the rotational symmetry.
 Order of rotation
11

 A more common way in describing rotational

symmetry is by order of rotation.
 A figure has a rotational symmetry of order n (n –
fold rotational symmetry) if 1/n of a complete turn
leaves the figure unchanged.
 Angle of Rotation
12

 The patter on the the

snowflake repeat six times
indicating that there is a 6-
fold symmetry. Using the
formula, the angle of
rotation is 60 degree.
 2. CRACK
13

 are linear openings that form in materials to relieve

stress. The pattern of cracks indicates whether the
material is elastic or not. Some examples are old
pottery surface, drying inelastic mud, and palm
trunk with branching vertical cracks.
 3. Tessellation or Tilling
14

 forms a class of patterns found in nature. The

arrays of hexagonal cells in a honeycomb or the
diamond-shaped scales that pattern snake skin are
natural examples of tessellation patterns.
 4. Fractal Pattern
15

 is when an object exhibits self-similar shape or

form at any scale and repeat itself overtime. Trees
are natural fractals, patterns that repeat smaller and
smaller copies of themselves to create the
biodiversity of a forest.
 Petals of flowers
16

FLOWERS NUMBER OF
PETALS
Lilies 3
Buttercups 5
Delphiniums 8
Marigolds 13
Asters 21
 Fibonacci in Plants
17

JOSEPH G. TABAN,
 Fibonacci in Human
18
 C. Mathematics Helps Organize Patterns

19 and Regularities in the World

 Patterns have underlying mathematical

structures
 Every living or nonliving thing in the

world may seem to follow a certain

pattern on their own.
 The mystery of Fibonacci sequence and

the golden ratio as common patterns in

nature.
JOSEPH G. TABAN,
 Suggested activity for students
20

 Explore patterns in nature and

present them as photo album, photo
exhibit, portfolio, etc. with written
reports.
 Video- presentation

JOSEPH G. TABAN,
 D. Mathematics Helps Predict the
Behavior of Nature and the World
21

 Mathematics help predict the location, size and

timing of natural disasters
 Made possible by the study of fractals.

A fractal is a mathematical formula of a pattern

that repeats over a wide range of size and time scales.
These patterns are hidden within more complex
systems.
 Benoit Mandelbrot is the father of fractals, who

described how he has been using fractals to find

order within the complex systems in nature, such as
the shape of coastlines. JOSEPH G. TABAN,
 E. Mathematics Helps Control Nature and
Occurrences in the World for our Own
Ends
22

 Fractal Geometry has been

applied in different fields of
knowledge such as in
engineering, computer graphics,
medicine, etc.

JOSEPH G. TABAN,
 F. Mathematics Has Numerous
Applications
23 in the World Making it Indispensable
 Mathematics helps you build things
 Mathematics is helpful in managing financial
matters
 Many more…

JOSEPH G. TABAN,
 SYNTHESIS PAPER
24

 Prepare a 3-page synthesis paper focusing on one of the following

aspects of Mathematics:
a. Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world.
b. Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and phenomena
in the world.
c. Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world
for our own ends.
FORMAT
 Encoded/Typewritten on a short bond paper
 Font – Times New Roman
 Font Size – 12
 1 inch margin around
 Spacing: 1.5
 REFERENCES
25

 Essential Mathematics for the Modern World

by Nocon and Nocon
 Nature’s Numbers by Ian Stewart

 Video clip: https://vimeo.com/9953368

 Mathematical Excursions (Ch. 1) by R.

Aufmann , et al.
26

 end