DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATED CARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION (CPR) FIRST AIDER

NAME: SITHOLE SEAN CHRISTIAN

SUPERVISOR: DR. MUSHIRI

INTRODUCTION
ACCORDING TO WHO (2021), CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IS A LEADING CAUSE OF GLOBAL MORTALITY, AND THERE WAS AN ESTIMATED 17.9 MILLION PEOPLE WHO DIED

FROM CVDS IN 2019, REPRESENTING 32% OF ALL GLOBAL DEATHS. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) IS A LIFESAVING TECHNIQUE USEFUL IN MANY EMERGENCIES,

INCLUDING A CARDIAC ARREST OR NEAR DROWNING, IN WHICH THE SUBJECT’S BREATHING OR HEARTBEAT HAS STOPPED. CPR CAN KEEP OXYGENATED BLOOD FLOWING

TO THE BRAIN AND OTHER. (C. MURALIDHARAN ET AL. (2020)) CPR IS A COMBINATION OF CHEST COMPRESSIONS AND BREATHS AND PROVIDES CRITICAL BLOOD FLOW AND

OXYGEN TO THE HEART AND BRAIN. HOWEVER, SOME PATIENTS IN CARDIAC ARREST MAY ALSO BE INFECTED WITH OTHER INDETERMINATE DISEASES, AND HENCE, IT IS

VERY DANGEROUS FOR A DOCTOR TO APPLY CPR DIRECTLY TO THEM. ACCORDING TO VINAYAK C.M. ET AL. (2020) BEFORE SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS)

WAS FIRST RECOGNIZED AS A GLOBAL THREAT IN 2003, IN MANY HOSPITALS, SUCH KINDS OF PATIENTS WERE RESCUED AS USUAL, AND SOME DOCTORS WHO HAD

PERFORMED CPR ON SUCH PATIENTS WERE UNFORTUNATELY INFECTED WITH THE SARS CORONAVIRUS. IN ADDITION, CHEST COMPRESSIONS CONSUME A LOT OF ENERGY

FROM DOCTORS. THEREFORE, A MEDICAL ROBOT THAT CAN BE USED FOR CHEST COMPRESSIONS IS URGENTLY REQUIRED. GIVEN THIS PRACTICAL REQUIREMENT, WE WILL

DESIGN AND DEVELOP A MEDICAL PARALLEL ROBOT TO ASSIST IN CPR OPERATION AND DESIRE THAT THE ROBOT CAN PERFORM THIS JOB WELL INSTEAD OF DOCTORS.

BACKGROUND
CPR REFERS TO THE CARE HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AND PUBLIC SAFETY PROFESSIONALS PROVIDE TO PATIENTS WHO ARE EXPERIENCING RESPIRATORY ARREST, CARDIAC

ARREST, OR AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. ACCORDING TO RECENT STATISTICS, SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST IS RAPIDLY BECOMING THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH. ONCE THE

HEART CEASES TO FUNCTION, A HEALTHY HUMAN BRAIN MAY SURVIVE WITHOUT OXYGEN FOR UP TO 4 MINUTES WITHOUT SUFFERING ANY PERMANENT DAMAGE. CPR IS

USED TO ESTABLISH CIRCULATION AND ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION IN A PATIENT WHO IS NOT BREATHING AND HAS NO PULSE. MANUAL CPR INTENSITY IS LARGE AND

EXPENDS MUSCLE POWER. FEW PEOPLE ARE GOOD AT CPR IMPLEMENTATION QUALITY FOR A LONG TIME, AND THE CPR OF POOR QUALITY IS HARMFUL TO FOR PATIENT'S

HEALTH. IN ADDITION, CPR CAN BE DIFFICULT TO CARRY OUT WHEN IN TRANSIT IN AN AMBULANCE. EXISTING EQUIPMENT IS MECHANICAL TO AUTOMATICALLY PERFORM

CPR. YET THERE ARE SOME DIFFICULTIES USUALLY WITH THIS EQUIPMENT. THESE DIFFICULTIES COMPRISE THE ORGAN FATAL INJURY THAT THE EQUIPMENT THAT USES

BED KNIFE LACKS PERSONALIZATION, CAUSED BY THE EQUIPMENT OF FAILING SUITABLY TO LIMIT THE POWER THAT APPLIES, AND THE RESULT WHO IS REACHED BY

EQUIPMENT IS POORER THAN REACHING THE RESULT BY MANUAL CPR. NOW RECENT DAYS MANY CPR DEVICES ARE AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET BUT ALL REQUIRE SKILLED

OPERATORS, AND THE COST IS MORE ALSO THAN DEVICES ONLY USED IN HOSPITALS.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
CARDIAC ATTACK DUE TO THE DELAY TIMES FROM AMBULANCE. PARAMEDICS OFTEN CANNOT
PROVIDE THE CORRECT FORCE NEEDED AND CAN TIRE EASILY WHILE ADMINISTERING CPR. RISK OF
HEALTHCARE WORKERS BEING INFECTED IF IN CONTACT WITH A COVID-19 PATIENT.

AIM
TO DESIGN AN AUTOMATED CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION FIRST AIDER

OBJECTIVES

 TO DESIGN A MEDICAL ROBOT THAT WILL AUTOMATICALLY COMPRESS THE CHEST IN FIRST AID
PATIENTS UNDER CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION.

 THIS WILL REDUCE THE UNWANTED VIBRATIONS WHEN CHEST COMPRESSION OF THE PATIENT IS
DONE

 THE ROBOT SHOULD BE PORTABLE AND LIGHTWEIGHT UP TO …… KG.

 METHODOLOGY

• THERE IS GOING TO BE RESEARCH ON THE PROJECT USING THE INTERNET AND JOURNALS. SUBJECTS OF RESEARCH ARE GOING TO BE AS
FOLLOWS:

I. ANCIENT AND CURRENT METHODS OF CPR USED BY MAN AND THEIR PROBLEMS WHICH THE PROJECT MIGHT NEED TO ADDRESS

II. DATA COLLECTION ON THE STANDARDS THAT THE CPR ROBOT NEEDS TO MEET

III. TYPES OF EXISTING CPR MACHINES

IV. SPECIFICATIONS OF EXISTING CPR MACHINES

• A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING APPROACH WILL BE USED THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT. INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS WILL BE OUTLINED WITH
REALISTIC MATERIAL PROCESSING METHODS IN MIND. THE FOLLOWING IS A SUMMARY OF POINTS MAKING UP THE DESIGN PROCESS

I. MODELLING THROUGH AUTO CAD DRAWING WHAT THE FINAL MACHINE WILL LOOK LIKE

II. OUTLINING THE METHODS OF JOINING TO BE USED

III. SELECTION OF SUITABLE MATERIALS

IV. BATTERY SIZE AND CAPACITY

V. MECHANISM USED

VI. DESIGN OF CIRCUITRY

 SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
Activities to be covered. 10 DEC-26 JAN 01JAN-16JAN 20JAN-05 FEB 08FEB-20 FEB 25FEB-10
MAR

Introduction

Literature Review

Concept Development and

Selection

Design Calculations

Results
 FLOW OF PROJECT
CHAPTER 1
RESEARCH WILL BE CARRIED OUT IN HOSPITALS OR CLINICS TO DETERMINE THE PROBLEMS BEING FACED
IN CPR
CHAPTER 2
THE RESEARCHER WILL AIM TO MAKE A THOROUGH RESEARCH CONCERNING CPR METHODS, THAT IS
ANCIENT AND CURRENT METHODS USED AND HIGHLIGHT THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
CHAPTER 3
THE METHODOLOGY THAT HAS BEEN PROPOSED WILL BE CARRIED OUT IN DETAIL TO DESIGN THE ROBOT
AND EXPLANATIONS WILL BE GIVEN FOR THE SOFTWARE AND EQUIPMENT CHOSEN TO DESIGN THE
SYSTEM
CHAPTER 4
IN THIS PART THE PROJECT DRAWINGS, CALCULATIONS, SIMULATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS WILL BE DONE
TO DETERMINE HOW BEST THE SYSTEM WILL ITS FIRST AID OPERATIONS
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS WILL BE GIVEN BASING THE FINDINGS FROM CHAPTER 4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE
STUDIES WILL ALSO BE GIVEN BASING ON CHALLENGES FACED IN THIS RESEARCH
 REFERENCES

MURALIDHARAN C., ANUSHA G., GUNASUNDARI V., AUTOMATED CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION, ISSN- 2394-5125
VOL 7, ISSUE 11, 2020

VINAYAK C.M, SHRIDHAR G.M, JEETENDRA, PRASHANTH S.K, SHIVASHARANAYYA SWAMY,

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, REVA UNIVERSITY, DESIGN OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION MACHINE,
BANGALORE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING RESEARCH ISSN 2229-5518 VOLUME 11, ISSUE 6,
JUNE-2020

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVDS), 11 JUNE 2021 [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT:
HTTPS://WWW.WHO.INT/NEWS-ROOM/FACT-SHEETS/DETAIL/CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES-(CVDS) [ACCESSED: 14/11/2021]