Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA
Threats to National Integration and Sustainable Development
By
5. 2.
Recovery Protection
4. 3.
Mitigation Response
CONCLUSION
• Notwithstanding the enormous contributions they
rendered to development of Nigeria, Islam and
Christianity have served as umbrellas for violent
extremism in the country.
• Being a country with Muslim and Christian majority, as
well as a sizeable minority across other faiths, national
integration and sustainable development will remain an
elusive goal for the country so long as the wings of
religious extremists in not clipped.
• Achieving this ‘requires a full spectrum of initiatives’
(Sodipo, 2013).
• Through the five solution area framework analysed
above, this will be achieved when political will leverage
on digital technologies to supersede mere rhetoric.
• The ongoing efforts of the Nigerian state and non-state
actors in this regard are grossly inadequate and are
negated by corruption among other banes, hence the
persistence of the phenomenon.
• Abimboye, D. (2009, November 2). The Damage Religious Crises Have Done to the North.
Newswatch.
• Adebayo, B. (2018, June 26). Nigeria overtakes India in extreme poverty ranking. CNN.
https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/africa/nigeria-overtakes-india-extreme-poverty-intl/in
dex.html
• Adenekan, S. (2022, June 5). How mob lynched vigilante member in Abuja over alleged
blasphemy.
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/534816-how-mob-lynched-vigilante-
member-in-abuja-over-alleged-blasphemy.html?tztc=1
• Adesoji, A. O. (2019). Boko Haram and the Global War on Terror. Oxford Research
Encyclopedia of Politics. https://doi.rg/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.851
• Adeyemi, I. (2023, April 2). FULL TEXT: What Peter Obi, Oyedepo said in leaked “religious
war” phone call. Premium Times.
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/591397-full-text-what-peter-
obi-oyedepo-said-in-leaked-religious-war-phone-call.html
• Adunola, S. (2022, May 20). MAN condemns jungle justice as punishment for blasphemy
against Prophet Muhammad. The Guardian.
https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/15/gumi-flays-killing-of-deborah-samuel
• Africa Center for Strategic Studies (2015, November 20). Extremism: Root Causes, Drivers,
and Responses.
https://africacenter.org/spotlight/extremism-root-causes-drivers-and-responses/
• Alao, A. (2009, January 1). Islamic Radicalization and Violence in Nigeria:
Country Report, 16. Economic and Social Research Council.
http://www.securityanddevelopment.org/pdf/ESRC%20Nigeria%20Overview.pd
f
• Alava, S., Frau-Meigs, D., & Hassan, G. (2017). Youth and violent extremism on
social media: Mapping the research. UNESCO.
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260382
• Aljazeera (2016, August 2). Nigeria: ‘Army killed 347 Shia followers of el-
Zakzaky’.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/8/2/nigeria-army-killed-347-shia-follow
ers-of-el-zakzaky
• Ansari, N. A., Agus, C. & Nunoo, E. K. (2021). SDG15 – Life on land towards
effective biodiversity management. In Walter Leal Filho & Mark Mifsud (eds),
Concise guides to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Emerald
Publishing Limited.
• Balogun, A. (2022, July 26). Why the hijab controversy persists in Nigeria’s
public schools. The Conversation.
https://theconversation.com/why-the-hijab-controversy-persists-in-nigerias-pu
blic-schools187192#:~:text=The%20Christian%20Association%20of%20Nigeria,
Christian%20students%20to%20embrace%20Islam
• Baloyi, E. (2015). The Christian church’s role in the escalating mob
justice system in our black townships: An African pastoral view. HTS
Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 71(2), 18-36.
• Bekoe, D. (2011). Nigeria’s 2011 Elections: Best Run, but Most
Violent. United States Institute of Peace, Peace Brief 103.
• Best, S. G. (2007). Conflict and Peace Building in Plateau State,
Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.
• Bouchat, C. J. (2016). Political Economy and Stability in Nigeria. In A.
N. Celso and R. Nalbandov (eds.), The Crisis of the African State:
Globalization, Tribalism, and Jihadism in the Twenty-First Century (pp.
163–202). Marine Corps University Press.
• Browning, M., & Rigolon, A. (2019). School green space and its impact
on academic performance: A systematic literature review.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16
(3), 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030429